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Exam 4: Respect for Autonomy

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Question 1

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Which of the following is not a moral rule derived from the principle of respect for patient autonomy?

A) Protect confidential information
B) Tell the truth
C) Never, in any circumstance, override the express wishes of the patient
D) When asked, help other make important decisions

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Question 2

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The most appropriate standard of surrogate decision making for never-competent patients is the substituted judgment standard.

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Question 3

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The voluntariness of a patient's decision may be diminished or destroyed by which of the following?

Which of the following is a single core meaning of the word competence that applies in all contexts?

The core meaning of the term "____________" is "the ability to perform a task."

In the ______________ syphilis study, researchers unjustifiably used various offers (free meals, transportation, and burial assistance) to stimulate and sustain subjects' participation.

When possible, the preferable moral standard of disclosure is the:

The __________ ____________ standard for surrogate decision making requires the surrogate to determine the highest probable net benefit among the available options.

Voluntary, informed consent is a necessary and sufficient condition for medical interventions and research involving human subjects.

Virtually all theories of autonomy view the following two conditions as essential for autonomy: _________ and __________.

In the famous case of ____________________, informed consent was not reached because a key factor (inevitable sterilization as a result of the procedure) was not disclosed to the patient.

According to Beauchamp and Childress, the principle of respect for autonomy, being more foundational, has moral priority over other principles.

Which of the following could possibly be classified as a presupposition of obtaining informed consent, rather than as an element?

According to Beauchamp and Childress, there is a fundamental inconsistency between autonomous action and the authority of institutions and/or religious traditions.

Because moral status and moral respect are dependent upon the autonomy of the agent, one ought to resist making judgments about a patient's level of autonomy.

The level of evidence for determining competence should vary according to the level of risk involved in making the decision.

According to the American Medical Association (AMA) , a placebo may not be used unless:

Expressed as a ____________ obligation, the principle of respect for autonomy requires that autonomous acts not be subjected to controlling constraints by others.

Which of the following is not a necessary condition for autonomous action?

Expressed as a ____________ obligation, the principle of respect for autonomy requires both respectful treatment in disclosing information and actions that foster autonomous decision making.