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Exam 11: Substance-Related,Addictive,and Impulse-Control Disorders

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Question 51

Multiple Choice

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Barrett and colleagues (2006) found that administering nicotine (through tobacco smoke) leads most smokers to increase their alcohol consumption.According to the researchers,which of the following reasons may explain the cause?

A) Using both substances simultaneously may maximize the effects of both smoking and alcohol on the dopamine reward system.
B) Smoking becomes a conditioned stimulus for the alcohol and increases cravings for alcohol.
C) Alcohol maximizes the pleasurable effects of smoking on the dopamine reward system.
D) Nicotine may make drinking alcohol more rewarding in terms of its effect on the dopamine reward system.

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Question 52

Multiple Choice

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The most common of the psychoactive substances is used by 90 percent of North Americans.What is it?

A) nicotine
B) caffeine
C) alcohol
D) marijuana

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Question 53

Multiple Choice

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Liam has just taken an amphetamine.His entire central nervous system is stimulated because of increased activity of which of the following?

Lisa has been using crack for about two months now.Although she knows it is destroying her job performance and she has been reprimanded for missing work,she refuses to give it up.She says she can quit whenever she wants to and just uses crack because she enjoys it.She tells others who question her drug use to mind their own business and leave her alone.What is Lisa's level of involvement with the drug?

Discuss current research on the genetic/biological,social,and cultural factors related to alcoholism.Which factors appear most strongly related to the development and progression of the disorder?

Which of the following is classified as a benzodiazepine?

Ellery and colleagues (2005) showed that ingestion of alcohol led to increased risk-taking tendencies among regular gamblers when they were using a video lottery terminal,relative to gamblers ingesting a non-alcoholic control beverage.What does this finding suggest?

In some individuals,chronic alcohol use causes physical damage to the body.Whether this occurs depends on a number of factors.Which of the following is NOT one of these factors?

The drug opiate-antagonist naltrexone is a treatment for substance abuse.How does it work?

Which of the following theories uses both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement to explain why the "crash" that follows the initial euphoria of drug use is not a deterrent to further drug use?

In the 1950s,Dr.Humphrey Osmond experimented with the hallucinogenic drug LSD as a treatment.What was it intended to treat?

Approximately what percentage of Canadians can be said to be alcohol dependent in any given year?

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a combination of problems that can occur in a child whose mother drank alcohol while pregnant.Which of the following is a symptom of FAS?

How effective are controlled drinking approaches to alcohol abuse?

A 46-year-old man has terminal cancer and has been receiving fairly high doses of morphine for pain relief around the clock for several months.What level of substance involvement would best apply to this individual?

According to the results of a 24-year follow-up study of more than 500 opioid addicts,approximately 28 percent of them had died.What was the mean age at death?

What is the danger of using a definition of dependence that uses drug-seeking behaviours as a measure of dependence?

Dylan has been using and abusing marijuana for more than ten years.He is considering quitting because he has begun to experience which of the following?

Approximately what percentage of Canadians who consume alcohol can be categorized as problem drinkers?

Mark has been using crack for two years.His whole life is now oriented around trying to get more crack to feed his habit.He even sells drugs to get crack money.Although he has tried repeatedly to give it up,the crash is so intense and his cravings for the rush are so strong he just can't quit.What is Mark's level of involvement with the drug?