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For every orbit that Ganymede completes ...View Answer
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A) dry, featureless plains
B) a water world of frozen ice sheets
C) a pockmarked surface covered with volcanos
D) hills, valleys and rivers
E) nothing; there was zero visibility due to the methane smog
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A) accretion
B) radioactive decay
C) differentiation
D) tidal heating
E) bombardment
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D
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A) Particles in the solar nebula were more spread out at greater distances, so that accretion took longer and there was less time to pull in gas before the solar wind cleared the nebula.
B) Ices were able to condense at the distance of Jupiter and Saturn, but only rock and metal could condense at the distances of Uranus and Neptune.
C) The colder gas in the outer regions of the solar nebula had less gravity and therefore could not gather up into such large balls as it could closer in.
D) The size differences are thought to be a random coincidence.
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A) They all have the same exact set of internal layers, though these layers differ in size.
B) They all have cores of roughly the same mass.
C) They all have cores that contain at least some rock and metal.
D) Deep inside them, they all have pressures far higher than that found on the bottom of the ocean on Earth.
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A) a dark ring, visible from Earth, composed of dark, dusty particles
B) a large gap, visible from Earth, produced by an orbital resonance with the moon Mimas
C) the imaginary circle marking the halfway point of Saturn's rings
D) the widest ring of Saturn, located between two large ring gaps
E) the most opaque ring of Saturn, made of highly reflective ice particles
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A) Features or erosion, including what appeared to be dry river valleys and lakebeds
B) Primitive life forms
C) A densely cratered surface
D) Lava flows of molten basalt
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A
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A) It is made of a different composition than Saturn, including a higher proportion of hydrogen compounds and rocks.
B) The extra mass of Jupiter compresses its interior to a greater extent than that of Saturn.
C) Its core is much larger than Saturn's.
D) It has a greater proportion of helium to hydrogen compared to Saturn.
E) Scientists do not know why this is so.
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B
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Without ingredients besides hy...View Answer
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A) It is too small to have been bombarded by planetesimals in the early solar system.
B) Jupiter's strong gravity attracted the planetesimals more strongly than Io and thus none landed on its surface.
C) Io did have impact craters but they have all been buried in lava flows.
D) Any craters that existed have been eroded through the strong winds on Io's surface.
E) Io's thick atmosphere obscures the view of the craters.
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A) Jovian moons are made mostly of ice that can melt or deform at lower temperatures than can the rock and metal that make up the Moon and Mercury.
B) The jovian moons are considerably larger than the Moon and Mercury and therefore have retained much more internal heat.
C) The jovian moons probably have far more internal heat generated by radioactive decay than do the Moon or Mercury.
D) Because of their greater distances from the Sun, the jovian moons receive much less heat from the Sun.
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A) A long-lived, high-pressure storm on Jupiter
B) A hurricane that comes and goes on Jupiter
C) A place where reddish particles from Io impact Jupiter's surface
D) A region on Jupiter where the temperature is so high that the gas glows with red visible light
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A) It is the same size and mass.
B) It is about 10 times larger both in size and mass.
C) It is about 10 times larger in size and the same mass.
D) It is about the same size but is 10 times more massive.
E) Jupiter doesn't have a core-it is made entirely from hydrogen and helium.
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A) Ganymede
B) Callisto
C) Europa
D) Titan
E) Triton
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A) Methane
B) Hydrogen
C) Water
D) Ammonia
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A) the most volcanically active body in the solar system
B) thought to have a deep, subsurface ocean of liquid water
C) probably a captured Kuiper Belt object
D) the target of the Huygens probe, which landed on its surface.
E) the largest moon in the solar system
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A) Water ice
B) Metallic grains
C) Methane ice
D) Volcanic rock
E) Hydrogen and helium
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A) Carbon dioxide
B) Hydrogen
C) Helium
D) Water
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A) Saturn's gravity prevents particles from migrating upwards out of the rings.
B) The "gap" moons shepherd the particles and maintain its thin profile.
C) Any particle in the ring with an orbital tilt would collide with other ring particles, flattening its orbit.
D) Solar radiation pressure keeps particles pressed into the rings.
E) The current thinness is a short-lived phenomenon that is special to this time.
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A) It may have an ocean of liquid ethane.
B) Its atmosphere is mostly nitrogen.
C) Its temperature is too cold for liquid water to exist.
D) Its surface is hidden from view by its thick atmosphere.
E) It is the coldest moon in the solar system.
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