Question 1

An individual with an uncertain vaccine history has been brought to the emergency room after receiving severe lacerations in an accident with farm machinery. In addition to administering a tetanus toxoid vaccine, he is also given a shot of tetanus immune globulin (TIG) , a form of passive immunization. Why are both necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)   The tetanus vaccine provides immediate protection, and the tetanus immune globulin provides long-term protection.
B)   The doctor is not sure which will work faster in this patient, so decides to administer both.
C)   The tetanus immune globulin is given only when there are severe injuries and a high risk of infection.
D)   Tetanus immune globulin is always given along with the tetanus vaccine.
E)   The tetanus immune globulin provides immediate, short-term protection, and the tetanus vaccine provides long-term protection.

Question 2

Symptoms of an allergic reaction such as increased secretion of mucus, swelling, and pain are due to the release of ________ from mast cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Symptoms of an allergic reaction such as...

Question 3

The advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that

Accepted Answer

A)   they remain in an active state, continuously producing antibodies
B)   if exposed to an antigen a second time, they quickly become plasma cells
C)   they prevent production of other proteins so that antibodies can be produced
D)   they produce antibodies and can become phagocytic
E)   they prevent viruses from entering the body a second time

Question 4

Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks

Accepted Answer

A)   its own connective tissue
B)   the brain
C)   the spleen
D)   its own antibodies
E)   heart tissue

Question 5

Which one of the following is correct regarding the structure of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)   An antibody is made up of two polypeptide chains linked by hydrogen bonds.
B)   The four polypeptide chains that make up an antibody molecule are linked by disulfide bonds.
C)   The constant regions of the polypeptides in an antibody form antigen-binding sites.
D)   Only one polypeptide in an antibody has a constant region and a variable region.
E)   The polypeptides making up an antibody are connected by hydrogen bonds.

Question 6

Tears and saliva contain the enzyme dermicidin, which is effective in preventing bacteria from entering the human body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Bacterial infections are generally treated with ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacterial infections are generally treated with ________....

Question 8

Microorganisms and cellular debris are removed from lymph by the ________ and from blood by the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Microorganisms and cellular debris are removed from...

Question 9

Plasma cells and memory cells are types of ________ lymphocytes; both types of cells secrete proteins called ________ as part of the immune response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Plasma cells and memory cells are types...

Question 10

The release of chemicals from injured cells triggers histamine release from

Accepted Answer

A)   macrophages
B)   B cells
C)   neutrophils
D)   phagocytes
E)   mast cells

Question 11

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are located only in the digestive tract and neck.
B)   They remove microorganisms and abnormal cells from the lymph and return them to blood circulation.
C)   Macrophages but not lymphocytes can be found within lymph nodes.
D)   They filter lymph fluid, trapping microorganisms and abnormal cells.
E)   Lymph flows from the lymph vessels to the urinary system.

Question 12

If you travel through an airport during a major holiday season, you are very likely exposed to a number of potential pathogens. Describe some of the first lines of defense that your body uses to keep these pathogens out of your body.

Accepted Answer

The human body depends on several chemic...

Question 13

Immunoglobulin ________ is the most common type of immunoglobulin and is the only type that can cross the placenta to pass on the mother's acquired immunity to the developing fetus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Immunoglobulin ________ is the most common type...

Question 14

All of the following are used in the production of monoclonal antibodies EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)   mouse T cells
B)   mouse B cells
C)   antigen
D)   myeloma (cancer)  cells
E)   cell culturing media and supplies

Question 15

During a bacterial infection, the human body usually responds by having an elevated body temperature or a fever. Most over-the-counter cold medications indicate that they contain a fever suppressant. Explain why this is not always good for the treatment of a cold or infection.

Accepted Answer

A mild fever is actually part of the bod...

Question 16

Viral-infected human cells often send out special proteins that serve as an early warning system to uninfected cells. In response, the uninfected cells develop antiviral proteins that protect them. The early warning proteins sent out by viral-infected cells are

Accepted Answer

A)   complement
B)   interferon
C)   antibodies
D)   antigens
E)   antibiotics

Question 17

Body defenses that respond to generalized tissue damage and many common pathogens are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   phagocytic
B)   antipathogenic responses
C)   nonspecific mechanisms
D)   lymphomas
E)   specific mechanisms

Question 18

Drugs that kill or inhibit bacteria are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drugs that kill or inhibit bacteria are...

Question 19

All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)   tears
B)   resident bacteria
C)   skin surface
D)   earwax
E)   antibodies

Question 20

Infection by HIV can eventually lead to the development of a condition called ________, which is diagnosed when the T helper cell count drops below ________.

Accepted Answer

AIDS (Acqu...

Exam 9: The Immune System and Mechanisms of Defense

Immunoglobulin ________ is the most common type of immunoglobulin and is the only type that can cross the placenta to pass on the mother's acquired immunity to the developing fetus.

Correct Answer
verified

The release of chemicals from injured cells triggers histamine release from

Correct Answer
verified

Drugs that kill or inhibit bacteria are known as ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Plasma cells and memory cells are types of lymphocytes; both types of cells secrete proteins called as part of the immune response.

Correct Answer
verified

Microorganisms and cellular debris are removed from lymph by the and from blood by the .

Correct Answer
verified

Viral-infected human cells often send out special proteins that serve as an early warning system to uninfected cells. In response, the uninfected cells develop antiviral proteins that protect them. The early warning proteins sent out by viral-infected cells are

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following is correct regarding the structure of an antibody?

Correct Answer
verified

During a bacterial infection, the human body usually responds by having an elevated body temperature or a fever. Most over-the-counter cold medications indicate that they contain a fever suppressant. Explain why this is not always good for the treatment of a cold or infection.

Correct Answer
verified
A mild fever is actually part of the bod...
View Answer

Bacterial infections are generally treated with ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding lymph nodes?

Correct Answer
verified

Body defenses that respond to generalized tissue damage and many common pathogens are referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens EXCEPT which one?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Tears and saliva contain the enzyme dermicidin, which is effective in preventing bacteria from entering the human body.

Correct Answer
verified

If you travel through an airport during a major holiday season, you are very likely exposed to a number of potential pathogens. Describe some of the first lines of defense that your body uses to keep these pathogens out of your body.

Correct Answer
verified
The human body depends on several chemic...
View Answer

The advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that

Correct Answer
verified

Symptoms of an allergic reaction such as increased secretion of mucus, swelling, and pain are due to the release of ________ from mast cells.

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following are used in the production of monoclonal antibodies EXCEPT which one?

Correct Answer
verified

Infection by HIV can eventually lead to the development of a condition called , which is diagnosed when the T helper cell count drops below .

Correct Answer
verified
AIDS (Acqu...
View Answer

Exam 9: The Immune System and Mechanisms of Defense

Immunoglobulin ________ is the most common type of immunoglobulin and is the only type that can cross the placenta to pass on the mother's acquired immunity to the developing fetus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The release of chemicals from injured cells triggers histamine release from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs that kill or inhibit bacteria are known as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plasma cells and memory cells are types of ________ lymphocytes; both types of cells secrete proteins called ________ as part of the immune response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microorganisms and cellular debris are removed from lymph by the ________ and from blood by the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Viral-infected human cells often send out special proteins that serve as an early warning system to uninfected cells. In response, the uninfected cells develop antiviral proteins that protect them. The early warning proteins sent out by viral-infected cells are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is correct regarding the structure of an antibody?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During a bacterial infection, the human body usually responds by having an elevated body temperature or a fever. Most over-the-counter cold medications indicate that they contain a fever suppressant. Explain why this is not always good for the treatment of a cold or infection.

Correct AnswerverifiedA mild fever is actually part of the bod...View AnswerShow Answer

Bacterial infections are generally treated with ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding lymph nodes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Body defenses that respond to generalized tissue damage and many common pathogens are referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens EXCEPT which one?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tears and saliva contain the enzyme dermicidin, which is effective in preventing bacteria from entering the human body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you travel through an airport during a major holiday season, you are very likely exposed to a number of potential pathogens. Describe some of the first lines of defense that your body uses to keep these pathogens out of your body.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe human body depends on several chemic...View AnswerShow Answer

The advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Symptoms of an allergic reaction such as increased secretion of mucus, swelling, and pain are due to the release of ________ from mast cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are used in the production of monoclonal antibodies EXCEPT which one?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infection by HIV can eventually lead to the development of a condition called ________, which is diagnosed when the T helper cell count drops below ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedAIDS (Acqu...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Plasma cells and memory cells are types of lymphocytes; both types of cells secrete proteins called as part of the immune response.

Correct Answer
verified

Microorganisms and cellular debris are removed from lymph by the and from blood by the .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A mild fever is actually part of the bod...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The human body depends on several chemic...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Infection by HIV can eventually lead to the development of a condition called , which is diagnosed when the T helper cell count drops below .

Correct Answer
verified
AIDS (Acqu...
View Answer