Exam 22: Nutrition and Renal Diseases

A) ​rejection of a kidney transplant
B) ​acute kidney injury
C) ​nephrotic syndrome
D) ​kidney stones
E) ​renal colic

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A) ​5
B) ​15
C) ​24
D) ​30
E) ​42

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A) ​produce albumin
B) ​aid in the digestion of fats
C) ​maintain acid-base balance
D) ​convert vitamin K to its active form
E) ​produce enzymes that protect the body from viral infections

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A) ​diabetes
B) ​infection
C) ​a genetic disorder
D) ​inflammation
E) ​peripheral vascular disease

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A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily) , as a result of severe glomerular damage
F) ​increased urine production
G) ​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H) ​low plasma albumin concentrations
I) ​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J) ​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K) ​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L) ​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M) ​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N) ​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O) ​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P) ​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q) ​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R) ​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food

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A) ​It is less likely to cause blood clots.
B) ​Its dialyzer is typically more effective.
C) ​It is less likely to cause infection.
D) ​It requires fewer dietary restrictions.
E) ​It can be used for longer periods.

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A) ​Chicken
B) ​Peanut butter
C) ​Peas
D) ​Broccoli
E) ​Cantaloupe

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A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily) , as a result of severe glomerular damage
F) ​increased urine production
G) ​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H) ​low plasma albumin concentrations
I) ​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J) ​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K) ​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L) ​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M) ​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N) ​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O) ​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P) ​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q) ​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R) ​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food

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A) ​Urinary obstruction
B) ​Drug exposure
C) ​Heart failure
D) ​Trauma
E) ​Exposure to toxins

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A) ​edema
B) ​infection
C) ​rickets
D) ​altered blood lipids
E) ​hypertension

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A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily) , as a result of severe glomerular damage
F) ​increased urine production
G) ​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H) ​low plasma albumin concentrations
I) ​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J) ​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K) ​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L) ​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M) ​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N) ​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O) ​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P) ​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q) ​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R) ​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food

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A) ​"Gelatin, soups, fruit ices, and frozen fruit juice bars contribute to your fluid intake."
B) ​"Water losses from the skin and lungs are deducted from your fluid allowance."
C) ​"Solid foods do not contribute to your fluid intake."
D) ​"Your average fluid gain between dialysis treatments should ideally be 10 pounds."
E) ​"Most of your fluid intake should come when you take your medications."

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A) ​hemodialysis
B) ​proteinuria
C) ​anuria
D) ​diuresis
E) ​peritoneal dialysis

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A) ​the patient has severe dysphagia
B) ​the patient cannot tolerate tube feedings
C) ​the patient has urine output of less than 400 mL per day
D) ​the patient has hyponatremia
E) ​the patient will need dialysis

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A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily) , as a result of severe glomerular damage
F) ​increased urine production
G) ​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H) ​low plasma albumin concentrations
I) ​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J) ​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K) ​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L) ​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M) ​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N) ​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O) ​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P) ​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q) ​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R) ​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food

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