A) It gives the U.S. Congress the power to regulate commerce.
B) It resolves conflicts between national and state laws.
C) It makes clear that each state's laws are to be honored by the other states.
D) It stipulates that if the national government passes an unconstitutional law, the people of the states are "supreme" and through their state legislatures can declare the law void.
E) It provides the U.S. Congress with the power to dissolve or to take control of local governments that are in financial distress.
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A) State-elected officials are more civil and reasonable toward one another than are members of the U.S. Congress.
B) It allows states to compete for business, meaning they will have stronger regulation.
C) It allows for policy experimentation, providing new ideas about how to solve problems.
D) State officials tend to care more about the average person.
E) The process is less susceptible to corruption.
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A) the right to vote.
B) the right to run as a candidate for public office.
C) due process or equal protection of the laws.
D) the right to earn a guaranteed minimum wage established by the federal government.
E) the right to serve in the armed forces.
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A) dual
B) competitive
C) cooperative
D) coercive
E) fiscal
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A) Supreme Court decisions that broadly interpreted the commerce clause
B) Supreme Court decisions that limited the scope of the commerce clause
C) public support and demand for cooperative federalism during the "rights revolution"
D) the leadership and policies of President Richard Nixon
E) the end of the Civil War
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A) It sided with the national government over state government, giving added power to the supremacy clause.
B) It ruled that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in any state.
C) It helped begin the "rights revolution."
D) It helped establish dual federalism as a guiding judicial principle to settle questions concerning state and national power.
E) The majority ruling stated that the Tenth Amendment "does not alter the distribution of power between the national and state governments."
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A) different policy areas are "fenced" off from each other by Congressional action and court rulings.
B) it takes money to make policy, just like it does to build a fence.
C) policy makers mainly interact with others in the same policy area, regardless of whether they are federal or state employees.
D) chief executives (mayors, governors, and the president) have few powers over federalism.
E) the state and federal governments have clear boundaries, much like two fences on separate properties.
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A) Unitary systems are inefficient and tend to suffer from weak central leadership.
B) There is no competition between different political units in unitary systems, which can stifle policy development.
C) Unitary systems are autocratic, which often leads to rampant government corruption.
D) Unitary systems allow multiple parties to be included on the ballot, which can confuse voters.
E) Unitary systems have historically been plagued by weak national economies and high unemployment.
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A) supremacy
B) necessary and proper
C) enumerated powers
D) full faith and credit
E) affirmation
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A) reducing the power of state governments.
B) reducing the power of the federal government.
C) increasing the power of both state and federal governments.
D) strengthening Congress.
E) strengthening the executive branch.
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A) assist member nations with loans through the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.
B) help poor nations combat poverty.
C) monitor elections and advance democracy around the world.
D) advance policies that would lead to full employment throughout the world.
E) assist member nations seeking to coordinate their policies.
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A) block grants give states more power.
B) block grants allow for more federal control.
C) he saw categorical grants as giving states too much room for creativity.
D) he believed it would help control state governments' deficit spending.
E) he knew this position would be popular with congressional Democrats.
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A) Gibbons v. Ogden
B) Barron v. Baltimore
C) Roe v. Wade
D) Mayor of City of New York v. Miln
E) Maryland v. United States
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A) Each of them has some distinct authority but they cooperate in most areas.
B) Each has distinct areas of authority with very little overlap.
C) The only way in which the national government influences the states is by providing them with funds.
D) Federal mandates matter only when the states agree to them.
E) This complicated, vague concept can take on a "dual" meaning that is adaptable to changing times and circumstances.
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A) They are created by the national government.
B) They are created by state governments.
C) They are formed by popular petition.
D) They are created by the national and state governments working together.
E) They do not exist in a legal sense and only play a ceremonial role.
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A) the requirement that insurers provide health insurance
B) the requirement that individuals buy health insurance
C) the expansion of Medicaid
D) the rationing of medical care
E) the creation of a new medical review board
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