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What does the Supreme Court's string of decisions on civil rights demonstrate about the balance of power among our national policy-making institutions?


A) The Court is increasingly interested in deferring to Congress.
B) The Court is increasingly willing to put state power before federal power.
C) The Court is increasingly interested in playing an active role in civil rights.
D) The Court is increasingly combative with the president in this area only.
E) The Court is increasingly interested in deferring to both Congress and the president.

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The landmark decision by the Supreme Court regarding affirmative action is:


A) Brown v. Board of Education.
B) Dred Scott v. Sandford.
C) Plessy v. Ferguson.
D) Alexander v. Sandoval.
E) University of California Regents v. Bakke.

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Compare and contrast the action of each branch of government in the area of African-American civil rights. On which issues did they aggressively expand civil rights? On what issues were they hesitant to act? How has the role of each institution changed through time? In your opinion, what does this say about the ability of the American political system to adapt to changes in society? Are you optimistic or pessimistic?

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The action of each branch of government ...

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The term "affirmative action" refers to:


A) efforts to fight discrimination against any group, including whites, based on the law.
B) efforts to end discrimination based on the actual conditions of people.
C) offering racial minorities chances to catch up through legal means to compensate for discrimination.
D) steps taken by the government to outlaw acts of racism and bigotry, including hate speech.
E) policies at the state level that are consistent with those of the federal government on matters dealing with civil rights.

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To what extent are there still significant differences in the economic, social, and political conditions of racial minorities? To what degree are these differences growing or shrinking? Provide specific details.

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Significant differences in economic, soc...

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Most Americans can agree that we ought to achieve the dual standards of equality under the law and color-blind action. Given that this is the case, why is there so much conflict in the area of civil rights? Choose one of the following groups, explain what the key policy debates are, and discuss the source of that conflict: African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, or Asian Americans.

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One of the key policy debates and source...

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By the 1970s, many schools remained segregated not because of laws, but because housing patterns had led to school districts being predominantly of one race. What kind of segregation is this?


A) de jure
B) de minimis
C) de facto
D) unimpeachable
E) de rigueur

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The Trail of Tears involved the forcible relocation of which group?


A) African Americans
B) Latinos
C) Asian Americans
D) women
E) Native Americans

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What does it mean to have a color-blind society?


A) People will not notice race.
B) We will pass laws to correct previous instances of discrimination.
C) No federal law or agency will classify people on the basis of race or ethnicity.
D) People will take notice of race, but race will not affect their beliefs or behaviors.
E) Racial minorities will become the majority in the United States.

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The Stonewall Inn is most closely associated with which group's fight for civil rights recognitions?


A) African Americans
B) Latinos
C) Native Americans
D) Asian Americans
E) gays and lesbians

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Which president used the National Guard to enforce Brown v. Board of Education?


A) Franklin Roosevelt
B) Harry Truman
C) Dwight Eisenhower
D) Richard Nixon
E) John F. Kennedy

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What is "de jure segregation"?


A) policies at the state level that the federal government has no right to question
B) discrimination based in actual conditions experienced by people
C) offering racial minorities chances to catch up to other groups
D) the right to live wherever you want, even if it means that people end up segregated
E) legal discrimination based in the law

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The number of states that recognize same-sex marriage has been increasing steadily since the early 2000s.

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What were the Jim Crow laws in the South?


A) rules that led to segregation of the races
B) informal restrictions on African-American voters enforced by intimidation
C) prohibitions against African-American participation in Democratic Party primaries
D) allowances for whites based on their family heritage that allowed them to avoid voting restrictions that kept African Americans disenfranchised
E) laws that virtually eliminated the existence of the Republican Party in the South

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The rationale justifying policies that prevented women from holding political office, filing lawsuits, and similar activities was known as:


A) Jim Crow.
B) segregation.
C) affirmative action.
D) protectionism.
E) separate but equal.

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The poverty rate is roughly three times as great for ________ families as for ________ families.


A) African-American; Latino
B) white; Latino
C) white; African-American
D) African-American; white
E) Asian-American; white

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According to the Supreme Court ruling in 1971, employment tests not related to job performance are a violation of:


A) the commerce clause.
B) the supremacy clause.
C) the necessary and proper clause.
D) the 1965 Voting Rights Act.
E) the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

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The statutory basis of equal protection is mainly rooted in two pieces of legislation: the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Summarize each of these pieces of legislation. What specific things did each accomplish? Did either bill leave out anything? There has been some debate about the need to continually renew these statutes. Based on your reading of the chapter, are the actions outlined in these laws still necessary to provide for equality under the law? Explain your answer.

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The 1964 Civil Rights Act was a landmark...

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Which president initiated the policy of affirmative action?


A) Harry Truman
B) Dwight Eisenhower
C) John F. Kennedy
D) Lyndon Johnson
E) Bill Clinton

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Which belief unifies the majority of today's civil rights advocates?


A) Our nation must move beyond race.
B) The goal of integration should not be supported.
C) The progress made is all that can be achieved.
D) The civil rights movement must continue to fight for equality of opportunity.
E) The current political environment is not positive for pushing forward with an expanded civil rights agenda.

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