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Exam 16: Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change.

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Question 31

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__________ theory is based on the assumption that a social movement is an interactive, symbolically defined, and negotiated process that involves participants, opponents, and bystanders.

A) Relative deprivation
B) Value-added
C) Resource mobilization
D) Social constructionist

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Question 32

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New social movement theory looks at an array of collective actions and the manner in which those actions are based in politics, ideology, and culture. It also incorporates factors of identity, including race, class, gender, and sexuality, as sources of collective action and social movements.

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Question 33

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The most common type of __________ occurs when people seek to escape from a perceived danger, fearing that few (if any) of them will be able to get away from that danger.

The most frequent types of __________ behavior are rumors, gossip, mass hysteria, public opinion, fashions, and fads.

Define collective behavior and compare it with organizational and institutional behavior.

__________ movements seek to produce radical change in individuals and are typically based on spiritual or supernatural belief systems. They are concerned with renovating or renewing people through "inner change."

The Weathermen was a radical group that was recognizable for many robberies and bombings of buildings. They could be classified as what type of movement?

Sociologists define __________ as the alteration, modification, or transformation of public policy, culture, or social institutions over time. It is usually brought about by collective behavior and social movements.

Religious (expressive) movements seek limited change in some aspect of people's behavior. For example, early in the 20ᵗʰ century, the Women's Christian Temperance Union attempted to get people to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages.

Mob violence tends to dissipate relatively quickly once a target has been injured, killed, or destroyed. Sometimes, actions such as an effigy hanging are used symbolically by groups that are not otherwise violent.

__________ movements seek to improve society by changing some specific aspect of the social structure. Members usually work within the existing system to attempt to change existing public policy so that it more adequately reflects their own value system.

Social movements are more likely to develop in preindustrial societies than in industrialized societies, where acceptance of traditional beliefs and practices makes such movements unlikely.

Differentiate among the five major types of social movements based on their goals and the amount of change they seek to produce.

Mobs, riots, and panics are all examples of __________ crowds.

Following the Los Angeles riots of 1992, some analysts concluded that Korean Americans were targets of rioters because they were viewed by Latinos/as and African Americans as "callous and greedy invaders" who became wealthy at the expense of members of other racial/ethnic groups. This illustrates emergent norms that are __________.

Which statement concerning social movements is false?

__________ refers to the discontent that people may feel when they compare their achievements with those of similarly situated persons and find that they have less than they think they deserve.

In 1938, actor Orson Welles hosted a radio broadcast dramatizing H.G. Wells's science fiction classic "The War of the Worlds." A CBS radio dance music program was interrupted suddenly by a news bulletin informing the audience that Martians had landed in New Jersey and were in the process of conquering the earth. The ensuing reaction was an example of __________.

There is a growing environmental movement in China but some movement organizers are reluctant to take action for fear of arrest.

__________ focused on crowd psychology and developed the contagion theory.