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Agreements that are deemed per se violations of Section 1 of the Sherman Act include all of the following except​


A) ​a price-fixing agreement.
B) ​a group boycott.
C) ​a trade association.
D) ​a market division.

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To prevent its competitors from obtaining sufficient supplies to make their products, Continental Steel, Inc., uses its market power to increase the prices of those supplies. This is​


A) ​price discrimination.
B) ​business judgment.
C) ​predatory bidding.
D) ​predatory pricing.

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Disc & Shoe Brakes Corporation, a brake manufacturer, sells its products to Eastside Motors, a retailer, at lower prices than it charges Fast Brake, a competitive retailer. This price discrimination is legal​


A) ​under any circumstances.
B) unless its effect is to cause a competitor a loss of any business.​
C) ​unless its effect is to substantially lessen competition.
D) ​unless there is no effect on a competitor.

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Pump Makers Inc. makes pumps for fire trucks and conditions shipments of its products to Quality Motors Corporation-a maker of fire trucks-on Quality's agreement to buy additional pumps only from Pump Makers. This is​


A) ​an exclusive-dealing contract.
B) ​a tying arrangement.
C) ​price discrimination.
D) ​a group boycott.

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The U.S. Department of Justice can prosecute violations of all of the antitrust laws.​

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The purpose of antitrust legislation is to prevent competition.​

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Ranchland Supplies Corporation believes that Stock & Equipment Corporation engages in anticompetitive behavior in an attempt to drive Ranchland, its chief competitor, out of the market. Antitrust laws can be enforced against Stock & Equipment by​


A) ​only a disinterested third party.
B) ​Congress.
C) ​Ranchland.
D) ​none of the choices.

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A market division by class of customer between rival firms does not violate antitrust law.​

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A court deems an agreement between BioTech Inc. and ChemCorp to be a per se violation of the Sherman Act. With respect to this agreement, the court can​


A) ​not determine whether its benefits outweigh its anticompetitive effects.
B) ​considers its benefits to the firms' customers.
C) ​apply the rule of reason.
D) ​review its effect on the relevant market.

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An antitrust action is brought against Carrier Freight Company, alleging that a certain act constitutes the offense of attempted monopolization. To qualify, the act must have had​


A) ​a dangerous probability of success.
B) ​a definite guaranty of success.
C) ​a preponderant possibility of success.
D) ​a reasonable probability of success.

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Market power is the ability of a firm to enter a given market.​

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Insurance companies are exempt from antitrust laws whenever state regulation exists.​

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Speedee Snoboards, Inc., refuses to sell its products to Timber Mountain WinterSports Stores, Inc., a retail snowboard dealership. This is​


A) ​an exclusive-dealing contract.
B) ​a territorial restriction.
C) ​attempted monopolization.
D) ​a unilateral refusal to deal.

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Monopoly power is an extreme amount of market power.​

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Gas, Inc., and Oil Corporation refine and sell gasoline. To limit the supply of gas on the market and thereby raise prices, Gas and Oil agree to buy "excess" supplies from dealers and "dispose" of it. This is​


A) ​a deal that neither restrains trade or harms competition.
B) ​a legal restraint of trade.
C) ​a per se violation of the Sherman Act.
D) ​subject to analysis under the rule of reason.

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Predatory pricing involves selling a product at prices substantially above the fair market value.​

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It is in society's interest to condemn every firm that acquires a position of power.​

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An agreement that is deemed a per se violation will be examined by a court to determine whether the agreement actually constitutes a reasonable restraint of trade.​

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Domestic Oil Company joins with a foreign cartel to control the price of oil. The cartel has a substantial effect on U.S. commerce. A suit for violation of U.S. antitrust laws can be brought against​


A) ​Domestic Oil and the foreign cartel.
B) ​the foreign cartel.
C) ​Domestic Oil.
D) ​all of the choices.

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Friction-Lube Corporation and Grease Inc. are the principal suppliers of their products in their market. They agree that Friction-Lube will sell exclusively to retailers and Grease will sell exclusively to wholesalers. Under antitrust law, this market division is most likely​


A) ​a per se violation.
B) ​a violation only if their competitors make similar deals.
C) ​a violation only if their customers agree to honor the deal.
D) ​not a violation.

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