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Tracy is extraverted and spends much of her time socializing with large groups. Jan is introverted and extremely conscientious. She spends much of her time at the library. These different paths best illustrate


A) the person-situation debate.
B) reciprocal determinism.
C) external locus of control.
D) confirmation bias.

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Refer to the graph below. Refer to the graph below.    The graph shows scores from one man's personality test. Describe this person's personality in one sentence. The graph shows scores from one man's personality test. Describe this person's personality in one sentence.

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This person is organized, dependable, he...

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Which of the following tendencies would be most likely to covary in a factor analysis?


A) Intelligence, insecurity, and dependability
B) Imagination, dependability, and talkativeness
C) Organization, enthusiasm, and conformity
D) Ruthlessness, hostility, and uncooperativeness

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You're feeling lost in your chemistry class and anxious about the upcoming test. The evening before the test, your roommate is in a bad mood. You decide cheering her up is far more important than studying. Which of the following defense mechanisms are you using?


A) Rationalization
B) Repression
C) Displacement
D) Reaction formation

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After getting criticized at work, a mother yells at her preschooler for spilling milk. This illustrates


A) an external locus of control.
B) low self-efficacy.
C) displacement.
D) projection.

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Pleasure is to the _______ as reality is to the _______.


A) id; ego
B) Oedipal complex; genital stage
C) oral stage; anal stage
D) use of denial; use of projection

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Galen suggested that personality traits were caused by


A) brain structure.
B) life experiences.
C) the position of the stars on a person's birthdate.
D) the balance between bodily fluids.

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A man who committed a violent crime is claiming that he heard voices telling him to do it. He has never shown signs of mental illness before and the prosecutor believes he is attempting to fake symptoms. The _______ test would be most useful to the prosecutor.

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An employer believes that one of his employees frequently stays home sick when there is nothing wrong with her. The employee insists she is truly ill. Which of the following tests would a psychologist be most likely to administer to assess this situation?


A) NEO PI-R
B) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
C) Rorschach
D) MMPI

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Aidan believes his new frozen yogurt business will succeed if he works hard. Aidan would be described as having _______ self-efficacy and an _______ locus of control.


A) high; external
B) high; internal
C) low; external
D) low; internal

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A personality psychologist is most likely to find the MMPI to be appropriate in the case of a


A) student trying to decide whether to apply to law school.
B) team coach considering whether his players are compatible.
C) patient having emotional outbursts and bouts of anxiety.
D) married couple seeking counseling for their difficulties.

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Galen's theory of humors was incorrect, but his personality type descriptors live on. For example, someone who broods and tends to be sad is called _______.

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melancholi...

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Antonio claims his classmates are all bullies who like to hurt people. In fact, Antonio is the most feared child in the school, and his teachers feel that he takes pleasure in humiliating others. Freud would suggest that Antonio's belief reflects


A) projection.
B) reaction formation.
C) regression.
D) repression.

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The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is


A) a measure of the big five traits.
B) a widely used projective test.
C) no longer used, due to poor validity.
D) a standardized measure of psychological problems.

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According to Freud, a therapist could most likely trace a man's lifelong hostility toward his father to an unresolved conflict occurring closest to what age in childhood?


A) 2
B) 5
C) 9
D) 13

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Quon moved from a very traditional, rural part of China to the United States at the age of 15. Over time, he is likely to show increases in the big five traits of _______ and _______.

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openness; ...

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Which of the following personality theories presents the most optimistic view of human nature and human potential?


A) Trait
B) Psychodynamic
C) Humanistic
D) Genetic

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Studies of personality in monozygotic and dizygotic twins indicate that


A) monozygotic twins are more similar than dizygotic twins.
B) monozygotic and dizygotic twins show equivalent levels of similarity.
C) there is no clear connection between genes and personality.
D) if one monozygotic twin is high in a trait, the other will generally be low in the same trait.

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Which personality trait identified by Cattell does not overlap significantly with one of the traits identified in the five-factor model?


A) Warmth
B) Reasoning
C) Dominance
D) Rule-consciousness

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David Cameron, the prime minister of the United Kingdom, once accidentally responded to a question about tax cuts by saying, "We are raising more money for the rich." From the psychoanalytic perspective this _______ may have revealed his _______ desires.

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Freudian s...

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