Question 1

Habituation and recovery make learning more efficient by

Accepted Answer

A)   helping us anticipate what event is about to happen next.
B)   focusing our attention on those aspects of the environment we know least about.
C)   helping us generalize newly learned behaviors to unfamiliar contexts.
D)   influencing the occurrence of stimulus events in the environment.

Question 2

In Wayne Dennis's research, Iranian babies who spent their days lying on their backs

Accepted Answer

A)   learned to walk by 16 months of age.
B)   scooted in a sitting position rather than crawled on their hands and knees when they first moved on their own.
C)   rarely attempted to reach or grasp at moving objects.
D)   transitioned from crawling to walking within several weeks of adoption.

Question 3

In __________, infants act on the environment, and stimuli that follow their behavior change the probability that the behavior will occur again.

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning
B)   operant conditioning
C)   habituation
D)   recovery

Question 4

Sweet liquid increases the occurrence of the sucking response in baby Basil. Sweet liquid is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   punisher.
B)   conditioned response.
C)   reinforcer.
D)   unconditioned response.

Question 5

Which of the following pairs are examples of fine-motor activities?

Accepted Answer

A)   sitting and crawling
B)   standing and grasping
C)   reaching and grasping
D)   walking and crawling

Question 6

Babies with poor sleep organization are likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   nap excessively during the day.
B)   grow out of it by the end of the first year.
C)   be behaviorally disorganized.
D)   be cognitively advanced.

Question 7

The newborn baby responds to touch, especially around the

Accepted Answer

A)   eyes, ears, and soles of the feet.
B)   eyes, palms, and genitals.
C)   feet, stomach, and head.
D)   mouth, palms, and soles of the feet.

Question 8

In some hospitals, health professionals use the NBAS to

Accepted Answer

A)   measure habituation and recovery to visual stimuli.
B)   demonstrate to parents the capacities of their newborn infant.
C)   measure the newborn's physical condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.
D)   teach new mothers how to breastfeed their infants.

Question 9

Which of the following infants is the most likely to engage in a game of pat-a-cake with a caregiver?

Accepted Answer

A)   Yolanda, age 4 months
B)   Xavier, age 6 months
C)   Juanita, age 8 months
D)   Zeb, age 10 months

Question 10

Right before baby Dom's mother leaves for work every morning, she takes her car keys off of a hook on the wall. As soon as Dom's mother unhooks the keys, Dom cries. In this example, __________ is the conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)   Dom's mother leaving for work
B)   Dom's mother unhooking the keys
C)   Dom's crying
D)   morning time B

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true regarding adult responsiveness to infant cries?

Accepted Answer

A)   A baby's cry stimulates stronger feelings of arousal and discomfort in men than women.
B)   Parents who score low in empathy are most likely to respond quickly to infant crying.
C)   Compared to non-depressed mothers, depressed mothers tend to be more sensitive to their infant's crying.
D)   As babies get older, parents react to more subtle cues in the cry, which help them figure out what is wrong.

Question 12

Habituation studies test

Accepted Answer

A)   recall memory.
B)   imitation.
C)   operant responses.
D)   recognition memory.

Question 13

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)  usually occurs

Accepted Answer

A)   during the day.
B)   during the second year of life.
C)   in healthy infants with no signs of physical problems.
D)   between ages 2 and 4 months.

Question 14

Which of the following is a protective measure to reduce the incidence of SIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)   wrapping the baby in warm clothing and blankets
B)   pacifier use
C)   stomach sleeping
D)   use of soft bedding B

Question 15

ERP brain-wave recordings reveal that around 5 months, babies

Accepted Answer

A)   become sensitive to syllable stress patterns in their own language.
B)   begin to prefer the sound of their mother's voice.
C)   divide the speech stream into wordlike units.
D)   have no statistical learning capacity.

Question 16

Baby Charlotte prefers looking at a checkerboard with many small squares compared to looking at one with a few large squares. Charlotte is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)   contrast sensitivity.
B)   pictorial depth perception.
C)   shape sensitivity.
D)   binocular depth perception.

Question 17

By __________, infants recognize the same melody when it is played in different keys.

Accepted Answer

A)   2 to 4 months
B)   4 to 6 months
C)   6 to 8 months
D)   the end of the first year

Question 18

Newborns prefer to look at photos and simplified drawings of faces with features arranged

Accepted Answer

A)   upright.
B)   upside down.
C)   sideways.
D)   with the eyes closed.

Question 19

Which of the following motor achievements, on average, occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)   grasps cube
B)   sits alone
C)   rolls from back to side
D)   rolls from side to back

Question 20

Three-month-old Royal holds his rattle and shakes it. He is most likely using

Accepted Answer

A)   the pincer grasp.
B)   the ulnar grasp.
C)   gross-motor skills.
D)   prereaching. B

Exam 4: Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Habituation and recovery make learning more efficient by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Wayne Dennis's research, Iranian babies who spent their days lying on their backs

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In __________, infants act on the environment, and stimuli that follow their behavior change the probability that the behavior will occur again.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sweet liquid increases the occurrence of the sucking response in baby Basil. Sweet liquid is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs are examples of fine-motor activities?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Babies with poor sleep organization are likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The newborn baby responds to touch, especially around the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In some hospitals, health professionals use the NBAS to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following infants is the most likely to engage in a game of pat-a-cake with a caregiver?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Right before baby Dom's mother leaves for work every morning, she takes her car keys off of a hook on the wall. As soon as Dom's mother unhooks the keys, Dom cries. In this example, __________ is the conditioned stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following statements is true regarding adult responsiveness to infant cries?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Habituation studies test

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) usually occurs

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a protective measure to reduce the incidence of SIDS?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

ERP brain-wave recordings reveal that around 5 months, babies

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Baby Charlotte prefers looking at a checkerboard with many small squares compared to looking at one with a few large squares. Charlotte is demonstrating

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By __________, infants recognize the same melody when it is played in different keys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Newborns prefer to look at photos and simplified drawings of faces with features arranged

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following motor achievements, on average, occurs last?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three-month-old Royal holds his rattle and shakes it. He is most likely using

Correct AnswerverifiedB

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B

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B

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B