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Exam 11: Retribution, Religion, and Capital Punishment

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Question 21

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Proponents of the death penalty argue that in the original Hebrew, the Sixth Commandment translates as "Thou shalt not commit murder."

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Question 22

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Research on capital crime victims' families shows that intrusion is often a problem, with unwelcome contacts from the criminal justice system, the media, and curiosity seekers.

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Question 23

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Research on capital crime victims' families shows that the experience of isolation is very common-at the time they most need contact and support, families often feel the most isolated.

According to recent public opinion polls, what is the number one reason for favoring the death penalty?

Professor Finckenauer distinguishes a bad version of retribution, of revenge and vindictiveness, in which the criminal is paid back from an acceptable version, called "just deserts," in which the criminal pays back for the harm he or she has done.

Research on capital crime victims' families shows that formal and informal supports for homicide victims' survivors are generally available and helpful.

Family members of capital defendants frequently have been victims of violent crime themselves; indeed, it is not unusual for these families to have lost relatives to homicide. Yet, because of class and racial inequities in sentencing, it is unlikely their relatives' deaths were punished with much severity.

More than half the world's countries have now abolished capital punishment in law or practice.

More than 30 countries have abolished the penalty since 1990.

Revenge theory is captured in the idea of "lex talionis," while expiation theory is based on the premise that only through suffering punishment can an offender atone for his or her crime.

Evidence suggests that the abolition of capital punishment in the United States would lead to an increase in personal revenge by relatives and friends of the victim.

Traditional thinking of the Catholic Church holds that capital punishment is the most effective deterrent to crime.

Research shows that retributive punishment reactions decrease with the increasing importance of the violated rule and the increasing seriousness of the outcome.

Which of the following models of the public's punitiveness did Professors Unnever and Cullen not describe in a recent study?

The research available indicates that the effects of capital punishment on death row or executed inmates' families can be as profound as it is for victims' families.

According to Professors Vidmar and Miller, which of the following is a principal source of retributive emotions?

Research on capital crime victims' families shows that there seems to be much potential for advancing the process of healing through non-judgmental, ongoing, emotionally involved listening, without suggestions as to how the survivors should feel or what they should do.

According to Protestant clergyman and scholar Reverend Reuben Hahn, "Not to inflict the death penalty is a flagrant disregard for God's divine law which recognizes the dignity of human life as a product of God's creation."

Hebrew law made it very difficult to execute a capital offender.

During the hiatus in capital punishment in the United States, between 1968 and 1977, there was an increase in personal revenge.