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When sociologists investigate standardized test scores, they find that when the federal government directs funds at disadvantaged schools the achievement gap widens.

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Nearly 45% of a school's official budget comes from local funds, primarily personal property taxes. This leads to:


A) wealthy communities with large, high-value properties collecting more property taxes and having more money to direct toward their schools.
B) poor residents in low-income communities being pressured to buy houses even when they cannot afford them.
C) A fair and balanced budget for all schools in all neighborhoods, due to distribution of taxes.
D) greater diversity in schools.

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Although the Brown decision technically mandated an end to segregation in 1954, white resistance to school desegregation took many forms. Which example below was NOT a form of white resistance?


A) segregation academies
B) tokenism
C) busing
D) white flight

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Describe the following sociological perspectives on race and education: social reproduction theory, critical race theory and whiteness. What contributions does each perspective bring to the topic of race in education?

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Social reproduction theory examines how ...

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Research evidence finds that school choice contributes to the racial integration of schools.

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According to critical race theory, a different set of skills within a community that tends to not be recognized or valued by dominant institutions is also known as:


A) color awareness
B) cultural superiority
C) community cultural wealth
D) social capital

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Karl Marx observed in his ____________________ that the dominant group, which he called the ruling class, used social institutions such as schools to promote ideas, values, and morals that support their dominance.


A) proletariat theory
B) dominant ideology thesis
C) functionalist theory
D) subordinate ideology thesis

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Asian Americans students are often expected to live up to the model minority stereotype, which assumes academic success is the result of hard work and Asian cultural norms. This is problematic because:


A) Asian Americans naturally have higher IQs.
B) Asian Americans are a large and diverse group with considerable variation in academic performance and cultural expectations.
C) Asian American students often reject this expectation in their student identity development and sabotage their own success.
D) Asian Americans naturally have more motivation.

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Describe the historical boarding school movement forced upon Native Americans. What systematic practices were engaged to resocialize Native children?

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The historical boarding school movement ...

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What is the achievement gap? How has the No Child Left Behind act increased the achievement gap? Explain the school-to-prison pipeline. How does the discipline gap impact academic achievement?

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The achievement gap refers to the dispar...

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According to Karolyn Tyson's research, the "acting white" phenomenon is found in racially integrated schools, but is not found in predominantly black schools.

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True

Racial/ethnic group members negotiate their school identities in the school environment differently than white students. Which of the following is an example of the different school identities developed by some racial/ethnic minority students?


A) oppositional identity
B) model minority
C) street identity
D) All of the above

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Explain why sociologist Mary Pattillo argues that despite the language of "school choice" associated with charter schools, for poor and working class African Americans, the experience is not empowering and instead, they preferred neighborhood schools. How does school choice help perpetuate school segregation?

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Sociologist Mary Pattillo argues that de...

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According to Flores-Gonzales (2002) a _________ identity is adopted when a student learns student role expectations early and performs the role well and develops meaningful relationships with peers and teachers.


A) street
B) school
C) minority
D) majority

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Social and cultural capital does not affect a student's educational environment or experience - will power is the single most powerful factor to educational success.

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False

Summarize the history of race and public education in the United States. Describe the outcome and impact of the two landmark cases Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education in education.

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The history of race and public education...

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Critical race theory argues that


A) schools should be race neutral
B) minority students enter school with a deficit of skills
C) focusing on diversity in school curriculum fuels discrimination
D) the cultural competencies of whites is seen as the cultural norm

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Booker T. Washington, amongst other prominent black leaders, encouraged a policy of accommodationism, which posited that blacks could gain more autonomy by cooperating with whites rather than demanding full civil and political rights.

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True

This is a social-psychological term that refers to the process whereby a person believes what is said about him or her and in response, acts in accordance with such views, which in turn results in a confirmation of the original assumption.


A) Narcissism
B) Internal racism
C) Achievement sabotage
D) Self-fulfilling prophecy

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Schools today are more segregated than they have been since the late 1960s. Provide at least three reasons for this de facto segregation.

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There are several reasons for the de fac...

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