Question 1

Dr. Buss has a confederate insult or not insult a participant to induce aggression. He then measures how much the participant likes the confederate on a 7-point scale. Which criticism is MOST relevant to the external validity of this procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)   The confederate is not representative of the population of people who insult others.
B)   The liking measure does not represent how aggression is usually expressed outside of the laboratory.
C)   The interaction took place over a short period of time.
D)   The single-item liking measure has low reliability

Question 2

Dr. Richards questions the efficacy of using the same therapeutic approach to the treatment of chronic versus acute depression. His question concerns the _______external validity of the treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)   functional
B)   structural
C)   policy-relevant
D)   chronic

Question 3

Explain the relationship between time and external validity.

Accepted Answer

The relationship between time and extern...

Question 4

Describe an experimental task from a study you are familiar with that is low in ecological validity. How well do these results apply to the "real world?" Explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

An experimental task from a study that i...

Question 5

Defenders of laboratory research believe that some research goals are best addressed in a laboratory environment. List three of those goals and explain the argument for using laboratory research to best achieve them.

Accepted Answer

1) Controlled experimentation: Laborator...

Question 6

Consider the question of whether laboratory research has value in applied settings. What are your views on this issue? What is the basis for those views?

Accepted Answer

I believe that laboratory research has s...

Question 7

When thinking about the research setting as a factor that could influence the generalizability of research findings, one needs to think about whether

Accepted Answer

A)   attributes of the person(s)  collecting the data affect the participants.
B)   the setting elicits reactivity.
C)   the characteristics of some study participants will influence the responses of other individual participants.
D)   all of the above.

Question 8

From the perspective of policy makers, for research to be high on conceptual validity it must

Accepted Answer

A)   use policy variables as independent variables.
B)   be high on the utility of the dependent variables.
C)   both a and b
D)   neither a nor b

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the role of research procedures in external validity is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Having two few levels of an independent variable can sometimes jeopardize the external validity of the research.
B)   The artificiality of laboratory research affects ecological validity but not generalizability.
C)   It is possible to have multiple operational definitions of dependent variables, but not of independent variables.
D)   One advantage of non-laboratory research is that such studies only rarely have any artificial aspects to them.

Question 10

Are the results of research collected from a crowdsourcing site more generalizable than results of a similar study collected using college students? Explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The generalizability of research results...

Question 11

An interaction effect in a factorial design indicates

Accepted Answer

A)   that there is a problem with the structural component of external validity of the study.
B)   the boundary conditions of the theory have been established.
C)   a limitation on the generalizability of the study's findings.
D)   a problem with the research population used in the study.

Question 12

Research has found that, compared to samples of participants based on college students, samples drawn from crowdsourcing sites such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk

Accepted Answer

A)   overrepresent older participants.
B)   underrepresent White people.
C)   are more diverse.
D)   all of the above

Question 13

The concept of policy variable is most relevant to the ________ component of ecological validity.

Accepted Answer

A)   structural
B)   functional
C)   conceptual
D)   external

Question 14

A plant manager wants to know whether an intervention found to be effective in a laboratory study would improve the morale of the employees in her workplace. She is likely MOST interested in

Accepted Answer

A)   setting boundary conditions for the intervention.
B)   whether the study had good internal validity.
C)   the ecological validity of the research results.
D)   whether employee morale is a problem in other work settings.

Question 15

Distinguish among the structural, functional, and conceptual components of external validity.

Accepted Answer

External validity refers to the extent t...

Question 16

The external validity of research results can be enhanced by

Accepted Answer

A)   including generalization factors, such as participant gender or race, in the study's design.
B)   designing research projects to systematically replicate findings.
C)   interpreting the research results in light of the limits its design places on generalizability.
D)   doing all of the above.

Question 17

What are boundary conditions of a theory? How do researchers establish those conditions?

Accepted Answer

Boundary conditions of a theory refer to...

Question 18

Researchers can determine the generalizability of a theory or principle while maintaining confidence in the accuracy of the conclusions that they draw about it. Which of the following is a way to do so?

Accepted Answer

A)   Conduct programmatic research that systematically tests a hypothesis using procedures that maintain internal validity while determining the boundary conditions under which it operates.
B)   Conduct only well-controlled field experiments rather than conducting other forms of field research or laboratory experiments.
C)   Gather expert opinions on the internal, external, and statistical conclusion validity of the findings.
D)   Simultaneously maximize the structural, functional, and conceptual external validity of their research.

Question 19

Analog research attempts to maximize the ________ external validity of the research findings.

Accepted Answer

A)   structural
B)   functional
C)   conceptual
D)   natural

Question 20

Practitioners might take the position that research results do not apply because the psychological processes operating in a therapy setting differ from those that were operating in the lab. These practitioners are challenging the ________ aspect of the external validity of the research.

Accepted Answer

A)   structural
B)   functional
C)   conceptual
D)   natural

Exam 8: The External Validity of Research

Describe an experimental task from a study you are familiar with that is low in ecological validity. How well do these results apply to the "real world?" Explain your reasoning.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIAn experimental task from a study that i...View AnswerShow Answer

Consider the question of whether laboratory research has value in applied settings. What are your views on this issue? What is the basis for those views?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AII believe that laboratory research has s...View AnswerShow Answer

What are boundary conditions of a theory? How do researchers establish those conditions?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIBoundary conditions of a theory refer to...View AnswerShow Answer

From the perspective of policy makers, for research to be high on conceptual validity it must

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When thinking about the research setting as a factor that could influence the generalizability of research findings, one needs to think about whether

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An interaction effect in a factorial design indicates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A plant manager wants to know whether an intervention found to be effective in a laboratory study would improve the morale of the employees in her workplace. She is likely MOST interested in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concept of policy variable is most relevant to the ________ component of ecological validity.

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Which of the following statements about the role of research procedures in external validity is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Distinguish among the structural, functional, and conceptual components of external validity.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIExternal validity refers to the extent t...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain the relationship between time and external validity.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe relationship between time and extern...View AnswerShow Answer

Dr. Buss has a confederate insult or not insult a participant to induce aggression. He then measures how much the participant likes the confederate on a 7-point scale. Which criticism is MOST relevant to the external validity of this procedure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers can determine the generalizability of a theory or principle while maintaining confidence in the accuracy of the conclusions that they draw about it. Which of the following is a way to do so?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Analog research attempts to maximize the ________ external validity of the research findings.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The external validity of research results can be enhanced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Practitioners might take the position that research results do not apply because the psychological processes operating in a therapy setting differ from those that were operating in the lab. These practitioners are challenging the ________ aspect of the external validity of the research.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Richards questions the efficacy of using the same therapeutic approach to the treatment of chronic versus acute depression. His question concerns the _______external validity of the treatment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has found that, compared to samples of participants based on college students, samples drawn from crowdsourcing sites such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Defenders of laboratory research believe that some research goals are best addressed in a laboratory environment. List three of those goals and explain the argument for using laboratory research to best achieve them.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AI1) Controlled experimentation: Laborator...View AnswerShow Answer

Are the results of research collected from a crowdsourcing site more generalizable than results of a similar study collected using college students? Explain your reasoning.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe generalizability of research results...View AnswerShow Answer

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An experimental task from a study that i...
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I believe that laboratory research has s...
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Boundary conditions of a theory refer to...
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External validity refers to the extent t...
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The relationship between time and extern...
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1) Controlled experimentation: Laborator...
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The generalizability of research results...
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