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Identify and briefly define each of the three stages of the perception-making process.

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The three stages of the perception-makin...

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Identify and describe the three types of attribution errors discussed in your textbook. Which do you think is most common? Why? Which do you think is potentially the most damaging to relationships? Why? Do relationship type or context factor into those decisions? Finally, suggest one way that someone could overcome each of those attribution errors.

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The three types of attribution errors di...

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Which of the following techniques can help in the perception-checking process?


A) generate a meaningful interpretation as quickly as possible
B) generate alternative perceptions
C) avoid considering the context
D) none of these

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What does the word prejudice literally mean? How are prejudices formed? Do you agree with the claim that prejudices are often the result of a misperception? Why or why not? How have you seen or experienced prejudice in your lifetime? What can be done to counteract or discourage people from engaging in the process of forming prejudices?

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The word prejudice literally means pre-j...

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When it comes to perception-making, it's always best to have the most information possible.

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An explanation for why something occurred is called a(n) :


A) interpretation
B) selection
C) attribution
D) perceptual set

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Regarding the fundamental attribution error, which of the following statements is NOT true?


A) It refers to attributions we make for other people's behaviors, rather than our own.
B) We don't usually commit it when we are told that a person's behavior is externally caused.
C) It causes us to discount external, unstable causes for people's actions.
D) We commit it when we assume that another person's behavior is caused by internal, stable causes.

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You liked most everything about your new roommate when you first met, but when you found out she smokes, that overshadowed all of her good qualities in your mind. What perception-making process are you displaying here?


A) primacy effect
B) negativity bias
C) stereotyping
D) egocentrism

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Idealizing a romantic partner at the beginning of a new relationship is a common example of the __________ bias.


A) delusional
B) romantic
C) positivity
D) confirmatory

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The stages of perception happen in a very ordered and linear fashion.

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Egocentrism is a normal stage of human development.

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Compare and contrast the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias as common attribution errors.

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The fundamental attribution error and th...

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Describe in detail the direct and indirect perception-checking processes. Next, think of a unique situation in which it would be appropriate to engage in direct perception-checking but not indirect perception-checking. Also think about a situation in which indirect perception-checking is a preferable option. What factors/features of those situations led you to make those decisions? Finally, discuss why the perception-checking process in general is important.

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The direct perception-checking process i...

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Most people probably wouldn't admit that they stereotype others, but research shows that stereotyping is a fairly common pattern of perception-making. As you have learned in this chapter, there is nothing inherently negative about stereotypes, so why do you suppose stereotyping is so distasteful to people? If you were teaching a workshop about stereotyping to a group of college students, what would you most want them to know about it?

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Stereotyping is often seen as distastefu...

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Which of the following statements is true with respect to perceptual accuracy?


A) Our perceptions almost always reflect reality as it is, with minimal distortion.
B) Culture may affect behavior but it does not usually influence perceptions of behavior.
C) Physiological characteristics, including our biological rhythms, affect perception accuracy.
D) All of these statements are false.

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Which of the following statements is true with respect to the process of stereotyping?


A) Stereotypes are always unfair to women and minorities.
B) Stereotyping always leads to inaccurate assessments of others.
C) Stereotypes always cast people in a negative light.
D) Stereotypes are sometimes accurate.

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When competent communicators discover that their perceptions were inaccurate, they will respond by:


A) seeking more information
B) considering alternative perceptions
C) revising their perceptions accordingly
D) all of these

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Which of the following is NOT one of the influences on perceptual accuracy addressed in your textbook?


A) cultural background
B) social roles
C) co-cultural identity
D) genetic background

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How are interpretations different from facts?


A) Interpretations are objective, whereas facts are subjective.
B) Facts speak to what occurred, whereas interpretations speak to the meaning of what occurred.
C) Interpretations are the same as descriptions, whereas facts are more similar to attributions.
D) They aren't different; facts and interpretations are the same.

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Explain the similarities and differences between facts and interpretations, using concrete examples.

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Facts and interpretations are both ways ...

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