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Exam 18: Evolution of Populations

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Question 1

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Which of the following is true with regard to mutations?

A) Mutations occur in response to environmental pressures.
B) Mutations are more common in slowly growing organisms.
C) Mutations appear without regard to environmental pressures.
D) Several mutations must occur at one time for a new phenotype to appear.

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Question 2

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In natural selection, _____ that increase survival and reproductive success become more common in a population.

A) genotypes
B) allele frequencies
C) bottlenecks
D) phenotypes

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Question 3

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The shape of the graph below indicates that birth weight is an example of ____________________ selection.

According to the figure below, the r allele is less frequent in generation II of this flower population. The frequency of r decreases in this population because

____________________ are the original source of genetic variation within a population.

The geese shown in the figure below are all members of the same population. What is the genotype frequency of AA?

What is genetic drift?

A population of 8,250 mice occupies the sand dunes in a coastal area. A severe hurricane washes out several miles of sand dunes. As a result, only 50 mice remain. The population has experienced

Gene flow between two populations

The Amish people began as a colony of just 200 settlers in America. The fact that Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, a genetic disorder also known as six-fingered dwarfism, is more common among the Amish than other human populations is probably a result of founder effect.

The human allele that causes six fingers per hand is dominant over the allele that produces five fingers per hand, yet most humans have five fingers per hand. Why is this so?

The frequency of the genotype aa in a population is 0.09. What is the frequency of the allele a in the population?

In fish undergoing sexual selection, females are more likely to mate with males lacking coloration because brightly colored males are more visible to predators.

In your backyard, you step on a dandelion and one of its seeds gets trapped in the tread of your shoes. The next day, you go on a long hike in the wilderness wearing the same shoes. When you step in a mud puddle, the seed sticks in the mud. The seed grows into a dandelion, but no other dandelions are present to mate with it. This is an example of

Which of the following is not a cause of evolution?

While on a camping trip, you collect a white tadpole from a pond and take it home. The tadpole develops into a white bullfrog. When the frog gets too big, you release it into a local pond. The next year, several white bullfrogs are observed in the pond. This is an example of

How do natural selection and sexual selection differ?

The Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to determine the genotype frequencies of a population that is not evolving.

Which of the following is not a mode of natural selection?

The four mechanisms that cause microevolution include gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection, and directional selection.