Question 1

Which of the following statements is true according to Cleeremans's (2011)  radical plasticity theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   It explains consciousness as a skill the brain acquires, not as an inherent property of the brain or a skill controlled by a particular brain region.
B)   It states that consciousness is a place where we temporarily attend to information at hand or deemed important.
C)   It advocates that conscious awareness occurs when neurons from many distinct brain regions work distinctively.
D)   It explains consciousness as a place where the spotlight of attention lands on the contents of one's mind.

Question 2

Which of the following can be considered a key aspect of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

A)   Optimism
B)   Intuition
C)   Knowledge
D)   Attention

Question 3

Which of the following is a marker of Stage 2 sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)   Transient activations
B)   Small amplitude delta frequency waves
C)   Vertex waves
D)   K-complexes

Question 4

________ is defined as a heightened awareness of the present moment, whether of events in one's environment or in one's own mind.

Accepted Answer

A)   Hypersomnia
B)   Mindfulness
C)   Selective attention
D)   Hypnosis

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describes gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a brain component that is central to memory formation and learning.
B)   It is an area of the brain that controls cognitive behaviors.
C)   It is a neurotransmitter that decreases central nervous system activity.
D)   It is a neurotransmitter that increases central nervous system activity.

Question 6

What did researchers' study of sustained attention using the Continuous Performance Test (CPT)  reveal?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most people cannot perform well on tasks requiring sustained attention for more than 15 minutes.
B)   Most people cannot perform well on tasks requiring sustained attention for more than 5 minutes.
C)   The accuracy in detecting targets declines considerably after 15 minutes.
D)   The accuracy in detecting targets increases considerably after 15 minutes.

Question 7

Which psychologist coined the term preconscious?

Accepted Answer

A)   Piaget
B)   Freud
C)   Erikson
D)   Skinner

Question 8

By age 1, the REM sleep drops to about ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   40 percent
B)   50 percent
C)   33 percent
D)   28 percent

Question 9

How can concentration meditation help an individual?

Accepted Answer

A)   It can lead to an increase in impulsive responding.
B)   It can lead to an increase in divided attention.
C)   It can lead to an increase in sustained attention.
D)   It can lead to an increase in constant attention shifts.

Question 10

_____ is defined as a state of mind that occurs in compliance with instructions and is character­ized by focused attention, suggestibility, absorption, lack of voluntary control over behavior, and suspension of critical faculties of mind.

Accepted Answer

A)   Hypnosis
B)   Minimal consciousness
C)   Alertness
D)   Meditation

Question 11

What does the term preconscious refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)   Preexisting material immediately realizable to awareness
B)   Potentially accessible material currently unavailable to awareness
C)   Intentionally repressed material that takes the form of unconscious
D)   Repressed unconscious material that cannot be consciously recollected

Question 12

Which of the following is a powerful stimulant that is more difficult to quit and also reduces blood supply to skin tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)   Caffeine
B)   Nicotine
C)   Endorphin
D)   Heroin

Question 13

If a drug slows down central nervous system activity while increasing the activity of the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, then it is most likely to be a(n)  ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   vasodilator
B)   depressant
C)   opioid
D)   corticosteroid

Question 14

John is a heavy binge drinker who has trouble with planning, working memory, and abstract thinking. Scanning of John's brain would reveal that he has a damaged ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   parietal lobe
B)   occipital lobe
C)   frontal lobe
D)   temporal lobe

Question 15

Chen is attending a lecture where his professor requests all students to give their undivided attention to an important concept he intends to explain. The professor is actually interested in the students'________ attention.

Accepted Answer

A)   sustained
B)   divided
C)   selective
D)   alternating

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the circadian rhythm?

Accepted Answer

A)   Variations in physiological processes that exclude the sleep-wake cycle
B)   Variations in physiological processes that take more than once a year to complete one cycle
C)   Variations in physiological processes that cycle within approximately a 24-hour period
D)   Variations in physiological processes that cycle longer than 48 hours

Question 17

________ is defined as a sleeping disorder characterized by brief pauses in breath­ing during sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sleep apnea
B)   Insomnia
C)   Cataplexy
D)   Sleepwalking

Question 18

In humans, a surge of melatonin release occurs during the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   evening
B)   night
C)   morning
D)   noon

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of REM?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is characterized by delta waves on EEG.
B)   It is characterized by total lack of muscular activity.
C)   It is a sound and dreamless sleep.
D)   It is characterized by active dreaming.

Question 20

________ is defined as a state that occurs when a person walks around, speaks incoherently, and ultimately awakens, terrified, from sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)   Minimal consciousness
B)   Night terrors
C)   Cataplexy
D)   Central apnea

Exam 6: Consciousness

How can concentration meditation help an individual?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is defined as a state that occurs when a person walks around, speaks incoherently, and ultimately awakens, terrified, from sleep.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can be considered a key aspect of consciousness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In humans, a surge of melatonin release occurs during the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a drug slows down central nervous system activity while increasing the activity of the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, then it is most likely to be a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of REM?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is defined as a sleeping disorder characterized by brief pauses in breath­ing during sleep.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By age 1, the REM sleep drops to about ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best describes gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does the term preconscious refer to?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John is a heavy binge drinker who has trouble with planning, working memory, and abstract thinking. Scanning of John's brain would reveal that he has a damaged ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is defined as a state of mind that occurs in compliance with instructions and is character­ized by focused attention, suggestibility, absorption, lack of voluntary control over behavior, and suspension of critical faculties of mind.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did researchers' study of sustained attention using the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) reveal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a marker of Stage 2 sleep?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a powerful stimulant that is more difficult to quit and also reduces blood supply to skin tissue?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is defined as a heightened awareness of the present moment, whether of events in one's environment or in one's own mind.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes the circadian rhythm?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which psychologist coined the term preconscious?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chen is attending a lecture where his professor requests all students to give their undivided attention to an important concept he intends to explain. The professor is actually interested in the students'________ attention.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true according to Cleeremans's (2011) radical plasticity theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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________ is defined as a sleeping disorder characterized by brief pauses in breathing during sleep.

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_____ is defined as a state of mind that occurs in compliance with instructions and is characterized by focused attention, suggestibility, absorption, lack of voluntary control over behavior, and suspension of critical faculties of mind.

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