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A flawed belief that physicians had about anyone who was vegetative was that the individual ________.


A) reacts to external forces
B) shows signs of motoric response
C) shows signs of awareness without wakefulness
D) does not react to stimuli from the environment

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Richard is a huge fan of Jelsy Hockey Club. He manages to get an entry ticket for a match between Jelsy and its rival. During the face-off, he is so engrossed in the game that he fails to notice a group of trespassers on the field. Which of the following terms explains Richard's behavior in this scenario?


A) Moderate consciousness
B) The Stroop affect
C) A minimally conscious state
D) Inattentional blindness

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The monitoring of information from the environment and from one's own thoughts is termed as ________.


A) memory
B) wakefulness
C) intelligence
D) awareness

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The greatest amount of REM sleep over the life span occurs ________.


A) in the first months of life
B) in old age
C) at the onset of adolescence
D) in the later part of gestation

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Which of the following, in all probability, creates a consolidation of discrete experiences that evokes a holistic experience of something?


A) The synchrony of cell assemblies
B) Tetanic stimulation
C) Long-term potentiation
D) Metaplasticity

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When does sleepwalking usually occur?


A) During REM sleep
B) During increased activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus
C) While hallucinating
D) During non-REM sleep

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Which of the following offers specific practices for working with consciousness?


A) Awareness
B) Meditation
C) Hypnosis
D) Wakefulness

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Which of the following statements is true of people who are minimally conscious?


A) They show behavioral response to the world around them even though their eyes are closed.
B) They do not intentionally track a person with their eyes.
C) They show signs of intentional behavior, but they cannot communicate.
D) They have lower mental activity than their observable behavior suggests.

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The dropping of the sensory curtain indicates the beginning of ________ of sleep.


A) Stage 3
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 4
D) Stage 1

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According to Sigmund Freud, the level at which the important underlying meaning of our dreams is found is termed as the ________.


A) manifest level
B) deep level
C) subliminal level
D) latent level

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When a person is roused by sounds that seem important while filtering out the rest that seem unexceptional, he/she is in a(n) ________ state.


A) subjectively conscious
B) minimally conscious
C) objectively conscious
D) moderately conscious

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Which of the following is a purpose of the threaded cognition theory proposed by Salvucci and Taatgen (2008) ?


A) To illustrate a wide variety of practices that people can use to increase wakefulness
B) To explain a variety of states of consciousness
C) To explain limitations on concurrent multitasking
D) To explain consciousness as a skill the brain acquires

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As one moves from Stage 2 to Stage 3 sleep, an EEG will show the waves change from ________ to ________ waves.


A) beta; theta
B) delta; theta
C) alpha; theta
D) theta; delta

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In the context of sleep disorders, which of the following is the cause of obstructive apnea?


A) Airflow blockage
B) Weak facial and limb muscles
C) Abnormalities in brain structures that control breathing
D) Disruptions of REM sleeping patterns

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People show signs of intentional behavior when they are ________.


A) minimally conscious
B) comatose
C) in an unconscious state
D) in a subconscious state

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Adults move through about ________ different cycles of non-REM and REM sleep every night, with each cycle lasting roughly ________ minutes.


A) 12-14; 2-3
B) 2-3; 40
C) 8-10; 10
D) 4-6; 90

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Which of the following is a known side effect of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide-25) ?


A) Psychosis-like symptoms in some people
B) Decreased body temperature
C) Decreased blood pressure
D) Sleepwalking in a majority of people

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Which of the following statements best describes moderate consciousness?


A) The conscious experience of knowing something that cannot be brought into awareness
B) The conscious experience of knowing something that can be brought into awareness
C) The unconscious experience of knowing something that can be brought into awareness
D) The unconscious experience of knowing something that cannot be brought into awareness

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Which of the following terms refers to a class of marijuana-like chemicals produced by human bodies?


A) Free radicals
B) Antibodies
C) Endocannabinoids
D) Antioxidants

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In the biological theory of dreams, the three-dimensional AIM cube depicts all states of consciousness occupying a different space. Why does REM sleep occupy the lower front right portion of the cube?


A) Because it is highly active, internal, and loose
B) Because it is active, external, and logical
C) Because it is nonactive, external, and logical
D) Because it is nonactive, internal, and loose

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