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Explain the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity and list the different racial and ethnic categories.

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The Standards for the Classification of ...

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__________ was/were responsible for the justification of the concept of race and its associated ideologies of White superiority.


A) Anthropologists
B) Psychologists
C) The scientific community
D) All of the above.

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Explain Jones' (1997) three levels of racism.

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Jones' (1997) three levels of racism are...

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__________ is an example of White privilege.


A) Racial profiling
B) Learning about different cultures in a history class
C) Watching television shows and seeing Whites portrayed in a positive manner
D) Experiencing reverse discrimination

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Counselors should work to build stronger coping mechanisms for clients by


A) strengthening school and community resources.
B) discussing currently employed coping mechanisms.
C) discussing the counselors' coping mechanisms.
D) discussing the literature regarding coping mechanisms.

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A key defense mechanism of Whites which helps maintain White privilege and alleviate dissonance and emotional discomfort is


A) denial.
B) empowerment.
C) stereotypes.
D) All of the above.

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Provide examples of individual, institutional, and internalized racism.

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Individual racism refers to the beliefs,...

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__________ has NOT been used as a method for classifying race?


A) Measuring skulls
B) Examining blood quantum
C) Scientific methods
D) All of the above are methods that have been used for classifying race.

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The Glass Ceiling Commission (1995)


A) sought to establish English as the only legitimate language in schools and workplaces.
B) declared that police have the right to check the immigration status of any individual that they suspect may be illegally in the U.S.
C) enforced stricter laws on drug use and sales.
D) found that Asian Americans were being paid far less than Whites in most occupations.

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Which of the following is NOT true about White racial identity development with respect to White privilege awareness?


A) Individuals at lower racial identity statuses are less likely to work to eradicate racism.
B) Whites experience psychosocial costs no matter which statuses are prominent.
C) Negotiating White guilt is a major task of White racial identity development.
D) Developing a non-racist identity is impossible no matter which statuses are prominent.

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Which of the following represents an effort to combat racism costs?


A) Glass Ceiling Commission
B) Black Lives Matter
C) Zero-Tolerance
D) All of the above.

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______ refers to common ancestry, while ______ refers to cultural practices and commonalities (e.g., rituals, work ethic, values) .


A) Ethnicity; race
B) Race; ethnicity
C) Culture; race
D) Ethnicity; culture

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White individuals may define affirmative action as


A) reverse discrimination.
B) discrimination.
C) inequality.
D) a myth of meritocracy.

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Describe the cognitive, affective, interpersonal, and physical costs of racism. Provide an example of each.

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The cognitive costs of racism include th...

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The ______ costs of racism include the mental energy and psychological processes used to evaluate life incidents and experiences where racism is potentially involved.


A) affective
B) cognitive
C) interpersonal
D) physical

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White racial development is greatly affected by


A) interpersonal beliefs.
B) cognitive impairments.
C) racism and White privilege.
D) All of the above.

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Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a reason Whites fail to address their White privilege?


A) Whites often have both privileged and oppressed statuses.
B) Whites are not often engaged in multicultural counseling relationships.
C) Whites may be uncomfortable with giving up privileges that they enjoy.
D) Whites typically are surrounded by individuals and cultural values that seem normative for them.

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______ refers to personal attitudes and beliefs in White superiority and the inferiority of people of color, with physical differences among individuals used as an explanation of social, moral, and intellectual behavior.


A) Individual racism
B) Institutional racism
C) Internalized racism
D) Systemic racism

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The _______, which focuses on creating solutions to difficult problems that underprivileged individuals may face, has been working to promote the social, political, and economic well-being of minority populations since 1942.


A) National Council of La Raza
B) American Civil Liberties Union
C) Congress of Racial Equality
D) Black Lives Matter movement

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