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In the long run,


A) at least one of the firm's inputs is fixed
B) customer tastes and preferences are fixed
C) the firm may vary all inputs
D) sunk costs become variable costs
E) government intervention is inevitable

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Variable inputs are those whose


A) quantity changes as the level of output changes
B) costs are irreversible
C) quantity remains constant regardless of the level of output
D) costs are considered sunk costs
E) price is continuously changing

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  -Figure 7-7 shows a firm's total variable cost for different daily output levels.In addition,the firm has total fixed cost of $50 per day.If output increases from 20 to 30 units,average total cost rises from A) $17.50 to $19.17,and marginal cost is $225.00 B) $400 to $625,and marginal cost is $225.00 C) $15.00 to $22.50,and marginal cost is $22.50 D) $20.00 to $20.83,and marginal cost is $22.50 E) $20.00 to $20.83,and marginal cost is $225.00 -Figure 7-7 shows a firm's total variable cost for different daily output levels.In addition,the firm has total fixed cost of $50 per day.If output increases from 20 to 30 units,average total cost rises from


A) $17.50 to $19.17,and marginal cost is $225.00
B) $400 to $625,and marginal cost is $225.00
C) $15.00 to $22.50,and marginal cost is $22.50
D) $20.00 to $20.83,and marginal cost is $22.50
E) $20.00 to $20.83,and marginal cost is $225.00

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Which of the following,necessarily,equals zero when the firm's short-run output level is zero?


A) sunk costs
B) fixed costs
C) implicit costs
D) variable costs
E) opportunity costs

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If there are diminishing marginal returns to labor,


A) output diminishes as additional workers are added
B) the management team grows as more workers are hired
C) the rise in output becomes smaller and smaller with each successive worker hired
D) the management team shrinks as successive workers are added
E) macroeconomic business cycles are generated by microeconomic production functions

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Assume that an industry requires a very specialized technology that involves high start-up costs for new firms no matter what level of output they produce.In the long run,at low levels of output,these firms will tend to exhibit


A) diminishing marginal returns
B) increasing marginal returns
C) diseconomies of scale
D) constant returns to scale
E) economies of scale

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If a firm is experiencing diminishing marginal returns to labor,then


A) total output must be decreasing
B) total output rises more slowly as additional workers are added
C) the firm must decrease the amount of labor it hires
D) total output per worker must be rising
E) the firm must be operating in the long run

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