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Exam 9: The Basics of Chemical Bonding

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Question 31

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There are covalent bonds in the Lewis structure for magnesium fluoride.

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Question 32

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The energy of the bond holding two covalently bound atoms together is independent of the distance between the two atoms.

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Question 33

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Based on the $\Delta$ H°_f data given, which of the following compounds is the most unstable?

Draw the Lewis structure of CH₃NO_2.Based on its structure, the nitromethane molecule should have ________ resonance hybrids and ________ atoms with formal charges on them. Hint: Consider possible double and triple bonds in the structure and be sure to minimize formal charge.

Draw the Lewis structure for HClO₃. If the valence shells are filled to the usual limit (a maximum of 8) , what is the sum of the absolute values of all the formal charges in the molecule? Hint: Minimize formal charge to ensure you have the most stable or "best"Lewis structure.

Based on the "best"Lewis structure from formal charge considerations, how many resonance structures, if any, can be drawn for the PO₄^3- ion?

Lithium fluoride has a lattice energy of -1033 kJ/mol. In the ionic solid AB, A²⁺ has approximately the same radius as Li⁺, and B^2- has approximately the same radius as F^?. What is a reasonable estimate of the lattice energy of AB?

Use the data to calculate the lattice energy of sodium chloride.

The lattice energy of Al₂O₃ is greater than that for AlCl₃, which implies that the melting point of Al₂O₃ should be greater than that of AlCl₃.

Draw the Lewis structure for HClO₃. If the valence shells are filled to the usual limit (a maximum of 8) , what is the formal charge on the chlorine atom? Hint: Do not forget about double or triple bonds potentially being in the Lewis structure.

Draw the Lewis dot symbol for the S⁻² ion.

Complete the Lewis structures for COCl₂ and SOCl₂ using the skeletal structure shown below, being sure to follow the procedure for minimizing the sum of the absolute values for the formal charges where the octet rule need not be followed. Based on the complete structures, which statement below is true? Hint: Consider the potential for multiple bonds on the molecules and be sure to account for all valence electrons.

Which bond is the most polar?

Which of the following compounds is expected to produce an acidic solution when dissolved in water?

Which of the following compounds is expected to produce a basic solution when dissolved in water?

Use the data to calculate the lattice energy of sodium bromide.

The atoms in the oxygen molecule, O₂, are held together by Hint: Draw the Lewis structure of the molecule.

Compounds with negative heats of formation tend to be unstable with respect to decomposition into its elements.

Bromine tends to form a monatomic ion that has the electron configuration of a noble gas. What is the symbol of that noble gas?

The amount of energy released when a covalent bond is formed is called its ________.