Question 1

The primary function of microglia is to

Accepted Answer

A)  digest debris. 
B)  provide a structural matrix for neurons. 
C)  participate in forming the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  form myelin in the central nervous system.

Question 2

A neuron may produce another action potential in response to larger than normal depolarization during the

Accepted Answer

A)  absolute refractory period. 
B)   relative refractory period.​ 
C)   depolarization phase of the action potential.​ 
D)   hyperpolarization phase of an action potential.​

Question 3

In some (although not all) cases of multiple sclerosis,one of the first symptoms noticed is a reduction in sensation from distal parts of the body,such as feet and hands.Which of the following statements best explains why this might happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fibers of the axons are reduced in diameter, so the information can't travel fast enough. 
B)   Neural signaling may not work properly as a result of nervous system demyelination.​ 
C)   The fibers of the axons are enlarged, slowing the neural transmission.​ 
D)   The neurons have degenerated and are no longer producing neural transmission.​

Question 4

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) occur in response to the opening of ________ channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  voltage-dependent sodium 
B)   ligand-gated sodium​ 
C)   voltage-dependent potassium or chloride​ 
D)   ligand-gated potassium or chloride​

Question 5

When an axo-axonic synapse results in an increase of neurotransmitter released by a target axon,which of the following processes has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal summation 
B)   spatial summation​ 
C)  presynaptic facilitation 
D)  presynaptic inhibition

Question 6

Near the peak of the action potential,which type of ion begins to leave the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium 
B)   potassium​ 
C)  calcium 
D)  magnesium

Question 7

In Alzheimer's disease,neurofibrillary tangles result when ________ protein levels become elevated and disconnect from microtubules.

Accepted Answer

A)  tetrodotoxin 
B)  tau 
C)  amyloid 
D)  tetanospasmin

Question 8

Conduction of action potentials in an unmyelinated axon is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  absolute. 
B)   relative.​ 
C)  saltatory. 
D)  slow.

Question 9

If a membrane potential changes from -70 mV to -65 mV,

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarization has occurred. 
B)  depolarization has occurred. 
C)  an action potential has occurred. 
D)  saltatory conduction has occurred.

Question 10

Which type of glia is responsible for forming myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  astrocytes 
B)   oligodendrocytes 
C)  Schwann cells 
D)  microglia

Question 11

Intracellular fluid is rich in

Accepted Answer

A)  K+, with small amounts of Na+ and Cl-. 
B)   K+ and Cl-, with very small amounts of Na+.​ 
C)   Cl-, with very small amounts of K+ and Na+.​ 
D)   Na+ and Cl-, with small amounts of K+.​

Question 12

Ion channels are made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins and require energy in order to operate. 
B)   lipids and require energy in order to operate.​ 
C)   proteins and do not expend energy in order to operate.​ 
D)   lipids and do not require energy in order to operate.​

Question 13

In a myelinated axon,action potentials are produced

Accepted Answer

A)  ​only at the axon hillock. 
B)   only at the axon hillock and at the nodes of Ranvier.​ 
C)   along the entire length of the axon membrane.​ 
D)   only under segments of myelin.​

Question 14

What is reuptake?

Accepted Answer

Reuptake is one of the processes that en...

Question 15

Professor Winston is observing the effects of a new drug on neurons in the spinal cord that participate in reflexes by forming a bridge between incoming sensory information and outgoing motor commands.The neurons that Professor Winston is studying are most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory neurons 
B)   motor neurons​ 
C)  interneurons 
D)  Von Economo neurons

Question 16

Once an action potential occurs at the axon hillock,why is it replicated at the next node of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

A)   Incoming sodium ions diffuse to the next node, pushing potassium ions ahead as well, and threshold will be attained. 
B)   The sodium-potassium pumps at the next node recapture sufficient potassium to reach threshold and trigger another action potential.​ 
C)   The action potential drifts passively down the length of the entire axon.​ 
D)   The occurrence of an action potential at the axon hillock attracts potassium from the adjacent node, and threshold will be attained.​

Question 17

The greater the influx of calcium into the presynaptic axon terminal,the greater the​

Accepted Answer

A)  release of neurotransmitters. 
B)   magnitude of action potential inhibition.​ 
C)  amplitude of the action potential. 
D)  rate of potassium reuptake.

Question 18

Which of the following structures are typically found within the axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria and synaptic vesicles 
B)   the nucleolus and synaptic vesicles​ 
C)   myelin and mitochondria​ 
D)   the nucleolus and endoplasmic reticulum​

Question 19

Von Economo neurons probably participate in which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  assessing and performing complex social behaviors 
B)   regulation of important body functions, including temperature, hunger, and thirst​ 
C)   conscious, deliberate efforts to pay attention to particular stimuli​ 
D)   reflexive motor behaviors​

Question 20

At the beginning of an action potential,sodium moves

Accepted Answer

A)  slowly into the cell, because electrical force is offset by diffusion. 
B)   rapidly into the cell, because both electrical force and diffusion operate at the same time.​ 
C)   slowly out of the cell, because as a positive ion, sodium remains attracted to the relatively negative intracellular environment.​ 
D)   rapidly out of the cell, because the sodium-potassium pumps are very active.​

Exam 3: Neurophysiology: the Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Which of the following structures are typically found within the axon terminal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A neuron may produce another action potential in response to larger than normal depolarization during the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of glia is responsible for forming myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) occur in response to the opening of ________ channels.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Alzheimer's disease,neurofibrillary tangles result when ________ protein levels become elevated and disconnect from microtubules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ion channels are made up of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At the beginning of an action potential,sodium moves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Winston is observing the effects of a new drug on neurons in the spinal cord that participate in reflexes by forming a bridge between incoming sensory information and outgoing motor commands.The neurons that Professor Winston is studying are most likely

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Once an action potential occurs at the axon hillock,why is it replicated at the next node of Ranvier?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In some (although not all) cases of multiple sclerosis,one of the first symptoms noticed is a reduction in sensation from distal parts of the body,such as feet and hands.Which of the following statements best explains why this might happen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conduction of action potentials in an unmyelinated axon is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Near the peak of the action potential,which type of ion begins to leave the cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a myelinated axon,action potentials are produced

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Intracellular fluid is rich in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The greater the influx of calcium into the presynaptic axon terminal,the greater the​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is reuptake?

Correct AnswerverifiedReuptake is one of the processes that en...View AnswerShow Answer

Von Economo neurons probably participate in which of the following functions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When an axo-axonic synapse results in an increase of neurotransmitter released by a target axon,which of the following processes has occurred?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary function of microglia is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a membrane potential changes from -70 mV to -65 mV,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The greater the influx of calcium into the presynaptic axon terminal,the greater the

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Reuptake is one of the processes that en...
View Answer

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