Question 1

Skinner's novel Walden Two describes

Accepted Answer

A)   individuals fighting the government for their freedom.
B)   a life in which self-reliance is of paramount importance, and independence abounds.
C)   a utopian community which operates on the principles of operant conditioning.
D)   a peaceful and idyllic life in a cabin on Walden Pond.
E)   a theoretical argument that although environments condition us, we are still free.

Question 2

The studies of child-rearing precursors of dependency and aggression in children (as studied by Sears)  showed that

Accepted Answer

A)   parents' reports of how much they punished the child were related to the child's friendliness.
B)   child-rearing practices were completely unrelated to personality characteristics.
C)   child-rearing practices were found to be highly related to all personality outcomes examined.
D)   parents' reports of how much they punished the child were related to the child's dependency and aggression.
E)   parents' reports of how much they punished the child were shown to be inaccurate when the parents were actually observed with their children.

Question 3

Watson's __________ is a learning approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Watson's __________ is a learning approach to...

Question 4

According to Skinner, the motivations that Freud called the drives of the id are better understood as

Accepted Answer

A)   the remote controls of the Skinner box.
B)   biological reinforcers of the environment.
C)   the reinforcements of old age.
D)   the internalization of punishment.
E)   the classical conditioning of intrinsic motivation.

Question 5

Initially, Bob was supposed to go to a concert tonight with his friends, but then Sheila asked him to go to a movie. He was really excited about the concert, but has had his eye on Sheila for more than a year now. Bob is experiencing a(n)  ________ conflict.

Accepted Answer

A)   approach-frustration
B)   multiple-offers
C)   approach-approach
D)   trust-mistrust
E)   approach-avoidance

Question 6

Approach-approach conflict is best described as what?

Accepted Answer

A)   A person is both driven away from and toward two equally attractive choices.
B)   A person is equally driven toward two equally attractive choices.
C)   A person is both driven away from and toward the same choice.
D)   A person is driven more toward one attractive choice and less toward another attractive choice.
E)   A person is equally driven away from two unappealing choices.

Question 7

Which of the following is a difference between classical conditioning (as defined by Pavlov)  and operant condition (as defined by Skinner) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Classical conditioning deals with the conditioning of existing responses to occur to new stimuli, but operant conditioning deals with shaping new behavior by using consequences.
B)   Classical conditioning uses punishment to create desirable behavior, but operant conditioning uses only rewards.
C)   Classical conditioning uses punishment to create desirable behavior, but operant conditioning uses punishment to stop undesirable behavior.
D)   Classical conditioning works only on animals, but operant conditioning applies to all organisms.
E)   Classical conditioning can happen without deliberate intention, but operant conditioning only occurs when the organism is making an effort to learn.

Question 8

Of the following reinforcement schedules, which is most effective in terms of creating a behavior that is resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)   Operant punishment
B)   Continuous reinforcement
C)   Partial reinforcement
D)   Systematic desensitization
E)   None of the above

Question 9

Harlow's famous studies of rhesus monkeys in which infant monkeys were separated from their mothers was designed to test the notion of

Accepted Answer

A)   primary drives.
B)   self-reinforcement.
C)   the drives of "big bertha."
D)   secondary drives.
E)   tertiary drives.

Question 10

Secondary drives are best explained as what?

Accepted Answer

A)   Drives that are learned by the association with satisfaction of primary drives
B)   The original feelings that lead to future behavior
C)   Acquired responses to situations that are in no way similar to the original situation that induced a certain feeling
D)   Drives associated with adult preferences for sophistication in food, fashion, etc.

Question 11

How did Dollard & Miller reconcile their theories with the Freudian school of thought?

Accepted Answer

Dollard and Miller reconciled their theo...

Question 12

Briefly describe Pavlov's conditioning of neurotic behavior in dogs. What kind of insight does this give us into the way that neuroticism might be "conditioned" in humans?

Accepted Answer

Pavlov's conditioning of neurotic behavi...

Question 13

The quote that behaviorism "has substituted for the erstwhile anthropomorphic view of the rat, a ratomorphic view of man" implies that

Accepted Answer

A)   a behavioristic view of personality is completely without merit.
B)   behaviorism demeans our humanness with simple laws derived from rat studies.
C)   it is better to study rats than humans because there are fewer ethical issues involved.
D)   rats and humans are the same in terms of how they learn.
E)   we should not try to draw comparisons between humans and rats.

Question 14

In social learning theory, __________ are drives that are learned by association with the satisfaction of primary drives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In social learning theory, __________ are drives...

Question 15

When an individual is able to discern that a given stimulus is NOT the conditioned stimulus, and therefore does not perform the conditioned response, this is called

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization.
B)   lateralization.
C)   discrimination.
D)   optimization.
E)   reaction.

Question 16

Superstitious behaviors, such as wearing a lucky ring or eating special foods prior to an important event, are best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)   vicarious conditioning.
B)   aversive conditioning
C)   learning through reinforcement.
D)   tertiary conditioning.
E)   transference.

Question 17

What can be done to "extinguish" classically conditioned fear responses? Which method seems to work best? Why is it that classically conditioned fear responses are unlikely to be extinguished without some sort of intervention?

Accepted Answer

Classically conditioned fear responses c...

Question 18

Walden Two is conceptualized as a problem-free place because

Accepted Answer

A)   of the peacefulness found from living around a beautiful pond area.
B)   religion is an important part of everyone's day.
C)   only happy and content people would become a part of a society like Walden Two.
D)   the government uses only positive reinforcement.
E)   there is no government.

Question 19

The behaviorist movement rejected what practice of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   Direct measurement of observable behavior
B)   Introspection
C)   Skinnerian principles of learning
D)   Training by conditioning

Question 20

The central idea behind the concept of operant conditioning is that

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning works best when a single individual does the conditioning.
B)   behavior functions parallel to consequences, but is not influenced by them.
C)   once a behavior is learned, it can never be truly extinguished.
D)   behavior can be encouraged, but it cannot be discouraged.
E)   behavior is changed by manipulating its consequences.

Exam 6: Behaviorist and Learning Aspects of Personality

According to Skinner, the motivations that Freud called the drives of the id are better understood as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Watson's __________ is a learning approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The quote that behaviorism "has substituted for the erstwhile anthropomorphic view of the rat, a ratomorphic view of man" implies that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The behaviorist movement rejected what practice of psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Secondary drives are best explained as what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In social learning theory, __________ are drives that are learned by association with the satisfaction of primary drives.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The central idea behind the concept of operant conditioning is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Harlow's famous studies of rhesus monkeys in which infant monkeys were separated from their mothers was designed to test the notion of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The studies of child-rearing precursors of dependency and aggression in children (as studied by Sears) showed that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Walden Two is conceptualized as a problem-free place because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Skinner's novel Walden Two describes

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIShow Answer

Initially, Bob was supposed to go to a concert tonight with his friends, but then Sheila asked him to go to a movie. He was really excited about the concert, but has had his eye on Sheila for more than a year now. Bob is experiencing a(n) ________ conflict.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Superstitious behaviors, such as wearing a lucky ring or eating special foods prior to an important event, are best explained by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a difference between classical conditioning (as defined by Pavlov) and operant condition (as defined by Skinner) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe Pavlov's conditioning of neurotic behavior in dogs. What kind of insight does this give us into the way that neuroticism might be "conditioned" in humans?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIPavlov's conditioning of neurotic behavi...View AnswerShow Answer

Of the following reinforcement schedules, which is most effective in terms of creating a behavior that is resistant to extinction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What can be done to "extinguish" classically conditioned fear responses? Which method seems to work best? Why is it that classically conditioned fear responses are unlikely to be extinguished without some sort of intervention?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIClassically conditioned fear responses c...View AnswerShow Answer

Approach-approach conflict is best described as what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did Dollard & Miller reconcile their theories with the Freudian school of thought?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIDollard and Miller reconciled their theo...View AnswerShow Answer

When an individual is able to discern that a given stimulus is NOT the conditioned stimulus, and therefore does not perform the conditioned response, this is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Pavlov's conditioning of neurotic behavi...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Classically conditioned fear responses c...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Dollard and Miller reconciled their theo...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified