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Exam 9: Acid-Base Imbalances

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Question 1

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The nurse cares for a client experiencing prolonged vomiting resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Which physiologic effect of alkalosis does the nurse recognize?

A) Movement of potassium out of the cells in exchange for hydrogen into the cells.
B) Increased level of free calcium blocking sodium channels.
C) Increased glycolysis and utilization of phosphate.
D) Decreased cardiac contractility.

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Question 2

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The nurse cares for four clients with acid-base imbalances. Which client is most likely experiencing metabolic alkalosis?

A) Adult who has had lactated Ringer's solution infusing for 72 hours.
B) Adolescent with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis.
C) Older adult with a diagnosis of salicylate poisoning.
D) Child with severe diarrhea.

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Question 3

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The nurse is caring for a client with respiratory acidosis. Which compensatory mechanism does the nurse understand will act to normalize the client's acid-base balance?

The nurse is caring for a client with metabolic alkalosis. The health care provider prescribes acetazolamide for the treatment of the client's condition. What is the nurse's understanding of the purpose of this treatment?

The nurse cares for a client with metabolic acidosis and hyperphosphatemia. What pathophysiological process does the nurse recognize is the reason for the client's phosphate abnormality?

The nurse is caring for a client with an acid-base imbalance. The nurse recognizes that the client has an alteration in protein function due to the imbalance. Proteins are components of which pathophysiological concept or process? Select all that apply.

The nurse cares for a critically ill client with a severe acid-base imbalance. When reviewing the client's anion gap, which additional laboratory value does the nurse recognize may skew the anion gap results?

A client with liver failure is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. What pathophysiological mechanism does the nurse recognize is the cause of the client's acid-base imbalance?

The nurse cares for a pediatric client who has accidentally taken an overdose of antacids. Which acid-base abnormality does the nurse anticipate the client will manifest?

A nurse cares for a client with chronic respiratory acidosis who is placed on mechanical ventilation for an acute exacerbation of emphysema. Which acid-base abnormality will the nurse expect if the client's PaCO₂ is corrected too quickly?

A client with renal impairment presents with an acid-base imbalance. Which mechanisms does the nurse recognize may be impaired? Select all that apply.

The nurse reviews arterial blood gas results and notes the client has a metabolic acidosis. Which organ does the nurse expect will compensate for the client's acid-base imbalance?

The nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory acidosis and notes the client's rate and depth of breathing are increased. What is the nurse's understanding of the cause of this finding?

An older adult client presents to the emergency room with a severe acid-base imbalance after taking "cold medicine" for a week. The client has a history of arthritis and reports daily use of aspirin. Which late effect acid-base imbalance does the nurse suspect the client is experiencing?

The nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas results of a client. When comparing various components of the ABG, which statement does the nurse recognize is true?

The nurse is caring for a client with uncompensated respiratory acidosis. Which acid-base findings will the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.

A nurse cares for a client with hyperpyrexia due to pyelonephritis. Which acid-base imbalance is most likely with this client?

The nurse cares for a client with acute respiratory acidosis. Which central nervous system (CNS) manifestation will the nurse likely find?

A client with congestive heart failure is voiding large amounts of urine via indwelling urinary catheter. Which acid-base balance does the nurse recognize the client is at greatest risk for developing?

The nurse cares for a client with an acid-base imbalance. Which electrolyte imbalance will most likely cause respiratory acidosis?