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Exam 1: The Nature of Science

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Question 1

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Is it possible for scientists to study events that happened or animals/plants that lived millions of years ago?

A) Yes.Apply the laws of physics and nature that we know exist today to evaluate the evidence of past events.For example,observe modern animal behavior,structure,and function,and compare them to the structures of fossilized animals to deduce the function of the fossilized structures.
B) No.The laws of physics that exist today are not the same laws of physics that existed in the past,so there is no way to compare plant or animal fossils to those of modern organisms and deduce the function of fossilized structures.
C) Yes.Genetic manipulation of fossils allows scientists to directly test metabolic and behavioral characteristics of plants and animals from the past.
D) No.There is no way to analyze plant or animal fossils that lived millions of years ago because the laws of nature that exist today have changed dramatically from the past.

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Question 2

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The roots of a sunflower plant growing downwards while the shoot grows upwards and the flower turns towards the sun are examples of what characteristic of all living organisms?

A) They reproduce using DNA.
B) They evolve through time.
C) They make their own energy.
D) They sense the environment and respond to it.

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Question 3

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Land biomes are most commonly defined by

Recently,beekeepers have noticed an alarming and sudden disappearance of honeybees from their hives.Some beekeepers and environmentalists worry that crops genetically engineered to contain the gene for the Bt insecticidal toxin may be killing the bees.Which of these experiments tests the hypothesis that Bt is killing the bees?

Match the correct term(s) with the sentence. -Generate ________ to test your hypothesis.

Explain the self-correcting nature of science.

When scientists generate a single informed,logical,and plausible explanation for a question and observations of the natural world,they are proposing a scientific

A species of butterflies gradually becomes darker in color over many generations;this is an example of which characteristic of living organisms?

You are coughing and producing a wheezing sound as you breathe;you also have a fever.You go to the doctor who listens to your chest,takes X-rays of your chest,and determines that you probably have something called croup.Which of the following are the facts in this scenario?

A scientific hypothesis must be ________;if not,science cannot evaluate it.

Scientific understanding can always be challenged,and even changed,with new ways of observing and with different interpretations.For example,new tools and techniques have resulted in new observations and the discovery of additional information.This has resulted in revised ways of understanding how molecules are moved across the plasma membrane of cells.Hence,there is no certainty in science,only degrees of probability (likelihood) and potential for change.In light of this understanding,which of the following statements is most meaningful?

In 1890,Robert Koch developed a hypothesis regarding the cause of communicable diseases.He designed an experiment and collected data that supported his hypothesis.Later,his experiment was repeated by many other scientists who used other pathogens and documented similar results that not only supported their hypotheses but also supported Koch's original hypothesis.These many experiments that supported multiple hypotheses regarding the cause of communicable diseases contributed to the development of the

Match the correct term(s) with the sentence. -________ your results to fellow scientists for their review and input.

Experimentation is the primary,but not only,means used to verify or refute the ________ made by a hypothesis.

The caves in upstate New York,where Alan Hicks' team first noticed the deaths of thousands of bats,represent the

David Blehert and his research team captured 117 healthy bats to study in the laboratory and divided them into 4 groups.Group 1 was housed in an area free from Geomyces destructans.Group 2 was housed in an area that shared the same air as bats infected with WNS,but they did not have direct contact with the infected bats.Group 3 was housed in direct contact with other bats infected with WNS.Group 4 was directly exposed to Geomyces destructans when it was applied to their wings.During the study period the bats were monitored for signs of WNS.What is the specific hypothesis being tested by the inclusion of group 4 in this experiment?

A scientific hypothesis must be constructed with which of the following characteristics?

The first two steps of the scientific process typically include making ________ and forming a ________.

After observing that students who regularly attend class appear to be making good grades,I propose the hypothesis that regular class attendance increases the probability that students earn higher grades.If I attend classes regularly this semester,I should make higher grades than I did last semester when I often missed class.This is a ________.

Match the correct term(s) with the sentence. -Design ________ of the predictions of your hypothesis.