A) two most recent common ancestors.
B) no more than four most recent common ancestors.
C) only one most recent common ancestor.
D) as many as 16 most recent common ancestors.
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A) new,related fossils or new information about existing fossils changes the understanding of the relationships.
B) new,unrelated fossils are intentionally put on the tree with existing fossils.
C) scientists are trying to prove a nonexistent relationship between species.
D) scientists have definitely proven a relationship between two or more species.
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Xu's dinosaur-bird tree is the more prob...View Answer
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A) Scientists have no way to determine how deep in a rock to look for a transitional fossil,so they just have to dig and dig until they find the right fossil.
B) Because of continental drift,the exact location of where a transitional fossil should be found cannot be determined.Looking for a particular fossil that could be anywhere on the planet is like looking for a needle in a haystack.
C) Fossils of transitional species may have never formed due to environmental conditions,or if they did form,natural processes like erosion may have destroyed them.
D) The transitional form of any organism is only hypothetical in nature;it never truly existed on the planet and,therefore,could never become a fossil.
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A) sponges;cnidarians
B) echinoderms;chordates
C) chordates;deuterostomes
D) arthropods;protostomes
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A
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A) the principle of convergent evolution.
B) a set of shared characteristics believed to have arisen in a common ancestor.
C) similarities in the function of a characteristic or trait.
D) consensus among biologists regarding the usefulness of particular traits.
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B
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A) Plantae and Fungi
B) Plantae and Animalia
C) Animalia and Protista
D) Animal and Fungi
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Upon finding and evaluating fossils,it is possible that formerly unknown species may be identified.As the relationship of any newly discovered species to previously known species is determined,it may change the way we understand the relationships of known species.This does not undermine our understanding of evolution;it only enhances it by adding to our knowledge and understanding.The more that is learned about the relationships between related species,the better we will understand the evolutionary progression.
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A) repeated advance and retreat of glaciers; evolution of humans; extinction of large mammals and birds; 0-2.6 mya
B) continents begin to separate; diverse dinosaurs; first birds; first flowering plants; 145-200 mya
C) extensive forests; amphibians dominate life on land; increase in diversity of insects; first reptiles; 300-360 mya
D) further increases in diversity of marine invertebrates and vertebrates; plants and fungi begin to colonize land; mass extinction at end of period; 445-490 mya
E) origin of life; photosynthesis causes oxygen content of Earth's atmosphere to increase; first eukaryotes; first multicellular organisms; 540 mya-3.8 bya
F) continents near present positions; increased diversity of flowering plants, birds, mammals, and pollinating insects; 2.6-65 mya
G) early dinosaurs; first mammals; mass extinction at end of period; 200-250 mya
H) increase in diversity of land plants; first amphibians colonize land; mass extinction late in period; 360-415 mya
I) large and relatively sudden increase in the diversity of animal life; increase in diversity of algae; first vertebrates; 490-540 mya
J) flowering plants begin to dominate life on land; mass extinction at end of period, including extinction of the last dinosaurs; 65-145 mya
K) continents come together to form Pangaea; reptiles dominate life on land by 265 mya; mass extinction at end of period; 250-300 mya
L) increase in diversity of fishes; first hints of colonization of land by insects and other invertebrates; 415-445 mya
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A) Gene flow among the remaining species would be increased,giving rise to many new genetic recombinations.
B) Changed environments and reduced competition would provide opportunities for new adaptations.
C) New environments would increase mutation rates.
D) Populations of remaining species would expand rapidly and reduce geographic isolation.
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A) complex and unchanging.
B) universally accepted by all biologists.
C) based on four generalized types of living organisms: the Bacteria,the Archaea,the Eukary,and the Protista.
D) updated and revised whenever new information becomes available.
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A) extra heat from the sun.
B) the pull of the moon on Earth.
C) the dinosaurs.
D) an asteroid hitting Earth.
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A) 1,2,3,4
B) 4,2,3,1
C) 1,3,4,2
D) 2,1,4,3
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A) The rapid environmental changes that cause mass extinctions do not leave the organisms time to adapt.
B) Ongoing continental drift allows more species to interbreed,which lowers the genetic variability available for adaptation.
C) Adaptive radiations are stronger than adaptations.
D) Well-adapted organisms will not be affected by mass extinction;these are the groups that will survive.
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A) repeated advance and retreat of glaciers; evolution of humans; extinction of large mammals and birds; 0-2.6 mya
B) continents begin to separate; diverse dinosaurs; first birds; first flowering plants; 145-200 mya
C) extensive forests; amphibians dominate life on land; increase in diversity of insects; first reptiles; 300-360 mya
D) further increases in diversity of marine invertebrates and vertebrates; plants and fungi begin to colonize land; mass extinction at end of period; 445-490 mya
E) origin of life; photosynthesis causes oxygen content of Earth's atmosphere to increase; first eukaryotes; first multicellular organisms; 540 mya-3.8 bya
F) continents near present positions; increased diversity of flowering plants, birds, mammals, and pollinating insects; 2.6-65 mya
G) early dinosaurs; first mammals; mass extinction at end of period; 200-250 mya
H) increase in diversity of land plants; first amphibians colonize land; mass extinction late in period; 360-415 mya
I) large and relatively sudden increase in the diversity of animal life; increase in diversity of algae; first vertebrates; 490-540 mya
J) flowering plants begin to dominate life on land; mass extinction at end of period, including extinction of the last dinosaurs; 65-145 mya
K) continents come together to form Pangaea; reptiles dominate life on land by 265 mya; mass extinction at end of period; 250-300 mya
L) increase in diversity of fishes; first hints of colonization of land by insects and other invertebrates; 415-445 mya
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A) oxygen
B) nitrogen
C) carbon
D) sulfur
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A) being diphyodont
B) having a vertical tympanic membrane
C) having a dentary-squamosal jaw
D) being covered in hair
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Roughly 2.8 bya (during the Precambrian ...View Answer
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A) 200 million years ago
B) 250 million years ago
C) 360 million years ago
D) 445 million years ago
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A) repeated advance and retreat of glaciers; evolution of humans; extinction of large mammals and birds; 0-2.6 mya
B) continents begin to separate; diverse dinosaurs; first birds; first flowering plants; 145-200 mya
C) extensive forests; amphibians dominate life on land; increase in diversity of insects; first reptiles; 300-360 mya
D) further increases in diversity of marine invertebrates and vertebrates; plants and fungi begin to colonize land; mass extinction at end of period; 445-490 mya
E) origin of life; photosynthesis causes oxygen content of Earth's atmosphere to increase; first eukaryotes; first multicellular organisms; 540 mya-3.8 bya
F) continents near present positions; increased diversity of flowering plants, birds, mammals, and pollinating insects; 2.6-65 mya
G) early dinosaurs; first mammals; mass extinction at end of period; 200-250 mya
H) increase in diversity of land plants; first amphibians colonize land; mass extinction late in period; 360-415 mya
I) large and relatively sudden increase in the diversity of animal life; increase in diversity of algae; first vertebrates; 490-540 mya
J) flowering plants begin to dominate life on land; mass extinction at end of period, including extinction of the last dinosaurs; 65-145 mya
K) continents come together to form Pangaea; reptiles dominate life on land by 265 mya; mass extinction at end of period; 250-300 mya
L) increase in diversity of fishes; first hints of colonization of land by insects and other invertebrates; 415-445 mya
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