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Exam 19: A Slow Unfolding: the History of Life on Earth

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following is assumed to be more primitive than a dinosaur and more complex than a shark?

A) segmented worm
B) crayfish
C) starfish
D) frog

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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The amniotic egg was important in the colonization of the land because it:

A) was deposited in water.
B) could hold multiple embryos.
C) had a hard shell and membranes to prevent drying out.
D) was easy to produce.

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C

Question 3

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What argument do scientists who support the metabolism-first model use to dispute the replicator-first model?

The first dinosaurs appeared during the ________ period.

One advantage of angiosperms over gymnosperms is that angiosperms have evolved:

Some of the earliest animals to successfully adapt to life on land were the:

The eukaryotic kingdom ________ has the greatest fundamental diversity,including some species that are animal-like,plant-like,and fungus-like,as well as some algae.

Examine and explain the connections between Stanley Miller's experiments and the importance of the evolution of photosynthesis to the current state of life on Earth.

Refer to the scenario below, and then answer the following question(s) . You are the managing naturalist for a natural history museum that has just received a batch of fossils from one of the field paleontologists sponsored by the museum. The note in the box states the fossils all came from the same rock layer. The museum is organized according to geologic timescale, and its management needs you to tell them to which department (based on era) and period specialist (an individual with experience with life-forms of a particular geologic-timescale period) the fossils should go. You find fossils of fish and seed-bearing plants but no reptiles or higher animals and no flowering plants. -To which period specialist should you forward the fossils?

A eukaryotic cell organelle is found to have its own DNA and to make some of its own ribosomes.It also can make some protein without the help of DNA in the cell's nucleus.Propose an explanation for the origin of this organelle.

The first single-celled organisms appeared around 3.5 ________ years ago.

During the Silurian,the oxygen gas concentration in the atmosphere is postulated to have reached an amount equivalent to more than 10 percent of its present-day concentration.Thus,nearly all lethal ultraviolet radiation was unable to reach the Earth's surface,making dry land available for newly evolved forms.Which of the following major events in the evolution of animals and plants probably occurred at this time?

The metabolism-first model suggests that a self-replicating RNA molecule was responsible for driving the evolution of the first forms of life.

Discuss why many scientists consider RNA to have been the basis for early forms of life.

Experiments with enzymes made of RNA support which origin-of-life model?

An example of a "seedless vascular plant" is a:

An advantage allowing the seed plant to greatly surpass the seedless vascular plants in colonizing the land was the evolution of:

Because there would not have been any significant soil before significant establishment of life-forms on land,the earliest eukaryotic life-forms on land most likely were:

Which of the following is an adaptation that helped plants move from aquatic environments to the land?

Propose reasons why major extinction events (or explosions of life-forms)are good dividing lines for the geologic timescale.Support your answer.