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Exam 6: Visual Attention

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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 "Learning from past experience" as a factor involved in attention was demonstrated by Shinoda et al. (2001) , who showed that drivers are more likely to detect stop signs when they were positioned _____.

A) at the middle of a block
B) 75 feet from the intersection
C) at the intersection
D) at random through a neighborhood

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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 According to Treisman, the _____ stage is the "glue" that combines all the incoming information about an object.

A) Preattentive
B) focused attention
C) tertiary
D) compiling

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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 _____ occurs when a stimulus that is not attended is not perceived, even though the person is looking directly at the stimulus.

 One aspect of the visual system that helps us select specific information from the environment for processing is _____.

 Describe Posner et al.'s (1978) precueing procedure, the classic results obtained using this procedure, and the implications for attention theory.

 Based on fMRI data from covert shifts of attention, Datta and DeYoe (2009) developed _____. These tools predicted convert attention to a location with _____% accuracy.

 Nicki walks into her friend's bathroom and sees a blender next to the sink. She spends more time looking at that blender than she would have spent looking at a soap dispenser in the same position. Her increased gaze is a reflection of a _____ in action.

What is the relationship between change blindness and continuity errors (b) Describe a specific example of a "continuity error".

 A monkey attends to a moving stimulus left of fixation then to a stationary stimulus right of fixation. If one were recording MT neuronal activity, it would reveal that _____.

 Discuss the three factors involved in determining what we fixate on in a visual scene.

 Explain the load theory of attention.

 The eye movements that occur as the observer shifts his/her gaze from one part of the visual scene to another are called _____ eye movements.

 In Grimes' 1996 study, _____ of subjects failed to detect a change in a model's swimsuit from bright pink to bright green.

 While watching Pretty Woman (1990) , you fail to notice when Vivian (Julia Roberts) begins to reach for a croissant that suddenly turns into a pancake. This is an example of _____, which can be a "real-life" example of _____ if you do not notice the switch.

 The finding that attention can spread within an object, thereby, enhancing detection at other places within the object is referred to as _____.

 In the "100=Car Naturalistic Driving Study, the driver was inattentive in some way 3 seconds before _____ of crashes.

 Egly et al. (1994) showed that precueing increases the efficiency of information processing _____.

 In a laboratory experiment on the impact of cell phone conversations on driving, drivers missed _____ red lights when talking on the phone as when not talking on the phone.

 Kelly is participating in an attention study. She is asked to fixate on a cross in the middle of the screen and watch for a word to appear in place of the cross. When the word appears she is using ______ attention to perceive it.

 Are voice-activated devices in cars a good idea or are they potentially dangerous Explain your reasoning.