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Your psychology professor argues that dreams represent an attempt by the cerebral cortex to make sense of the random discharges of electrical activity that occur during REM sleep.What perspective best describes your professor's comments?


A) neodissociation theory
B) activation-synthesis hypothesis
C) psychodynamic theory
D) memory consolidation hypothesis
E) psychological dependence hypothesis

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The role-playing model of hypnosis proposes that the effects of hypnosis can best be understood in terms of _____.


A) a social interaction between a hypnotist and a willing person who assumes the role of a "good" subject by following the hypnotist's directions and suggestions
B) a social interaction between a hypnotist and a willing person who enters a trance state that is marked by an increase in their suggestibility
C) a social interaction between a hypnotist and a willing person that leads to a dissociative state on the part of the hypnotic subject
D) a social interaction between a hypnotist and a willing person that leads the hypnotic subject to engage in imaginative responses to the hypnotist's suggestions
E) a social interaction between a hypnotist and a willing person that leads the hypnotic subject to remain detached from the experience,but aware of the experience and everything that happens

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Winston is an eight-year-old child who has recently started having sleep problems.He frequently wakes at night,sitting up in his bed and screaming loudly.His mother reports that he seems dazed,or 'out of it',and can rarely remember more than one or two fragmentary dream images that don't seem to make sense.Winston probably is suffering from _____.


A) narcolepsy
B) sleep apnea
C) nightmare disorder
D) sleep terror disorder
E) sleepwalking disorder

Correct Answer

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In a study reported in the text,Canadian drivers were asked to report distracted driving behaviors.Which behavior was most commonly reported for other drivers?


A) Disciplining children
B) Eating
C) Reading
D) Personal grooming
E) Using a cell phone

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Sleep spindles are to ______ sleep as delta waves are to ______ sleep.


A) stage 1; stage 3
B) stage 3; stage 4
C) stage 2; REM
D) stage 1; REM
E) stage 2; stage 3

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Sociocultural factors that might increase the probability that an individual will begin to abuse drugs or alcohol include all of the following EXCEPT _____.


A) cultural beliefs and customs that encourage alcohol or drug use
B) unemployment
C) identification with subculture groups that sanction drug use
D) peer pressure and the desire to 'fit in'
E) unusually low levels of dopamine

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Describe five states of consciousness,including a description of the level of alertness in each state.

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Focused awareness is a state of heigh...

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According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming,random electrical activity in the ________ is interpreted by the ________ to create a story line.


A) brainstem; cerebral cortex
B) cerebral cortex; brainstem
C) hippocampus; hypothalamus
D) hypothalamus; hippocampus
E) brainstem; thalamus

Correct Answer

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Why do we dream?


A) To fulfill wishes of a sexual or aggressive nature.
B) To allow the cerebral cortex to make sense of random electrical activity during REM sleep.
C) To sort through problems and concerns and find solutions.
D) No one really knows.
E) To consolidate memories and new learning that occurred throughout the day.

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Characteristics of a highly hypnotizable person include all of the following EXCEPT


A) well-developed fantasy life.
B) a tendency toward depression.
C) vivid sense of imagination.
D) tendency to be forgetful.
E) positive attitude toward hypnosis.

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The pattern of fluctuations in bodily processes that occur regularly each day are called ______.


A) altered states of consciousness
B) biofeedback loops
C) circadian rhythms
D) homeostatic rhythms
E) ultradian rhythms

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Reduction of central nervous system activity is the defining feature of


A) stimulants.
B) hallucinogens.
C) depressants.
D) amphetamines.
E) stimulants and amphetamines.

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Regarding the dangers of divided attention while driving,which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) Drivers are four times more likely to have an accident when they are talking on a cell phone than when they are not.
B) Driving while talking on a phone is about as dangerous as driving with a blood alcohol level at the legal limit.
C) Using a hands-free phone is a generally safe alternative to using a hand-held phone while driving.
D) The increased risk of accident from cell phone usage is due to the loss of concentration from engaging in conversation.
E) Eating,drinking,and interacting with passengers while driving are all dangerous behaviors.

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Regarding REM sleep,which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) REM sleep is also called active sleep because the brain is more active during REM than NREM.
B) During REM sleep,muscle activity is blocked almost to the point of paralysis.
C) REM sleep is also called paradoxical sleep.
D) All dreams occur during REM sleep.
E) During REM sleep,a person's eyes dart about under the closed eyelids.

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Sleep cycles repeat about every ______ minutes,and the typical adult has ______ cycles per night.


A) 60; six to seven
B) 60; three to four
C) 90; four to five
D) 120; two to three
E) 90; two to three

Correct Answer

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Regarding alcoholism,which of the following statements is TRUE?


A) The majority of alcoholics are "bums" living on the fringe of society.
B) Alcoholism usually develops in late adolescence between the ages of 15 and 20.
C) Alcoholism can lead to death resulting from cirrhosis of the liver.
D) About 4 million Americans suffer from alcoholism.
E) Although the majority of people who drink do so in moderation,about 1 in 25 adult Americans suffers from alcoholism.

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Which of the following drugs can lead to psychological but not physiological dependence?


A) nicotine
B) cocaine
C) MDMA
D) caffeine
E) LSD

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Some nights Chang has problems falling asleep.Other nights,he wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty returning to sleep.Chang likely suffers from which sleep disorder?


A) insomnia
B) nightmare disorder
C) narcolepsy
D) sleepwalking
E) sleep apnea

Correct Answer

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An LSD "trip" may last as long as


A) 30 minutes.
B) 60 minutes.
C) 2 hours.
D) 6 hours.
E) 12 hours.

Correct Answer

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According to current research,which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of moderate use of alcohol?


A) lower risk of cancer
B) lower risk of heart attacks
C) lower risk of stroke
D) lower overall death rate
E) increased "good" cholesterol

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