Question 1

The mean preferred time of going to sleep gets later and later until about age 20 and then starts a gradual reversal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In response to emotionally arousing events, the locus coeruleus releases ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   norepinephrine
B)   acetylcholine
C)   epinephrine
D)   serotoninE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Professor King is talking about sleep and tells the class that REM sleep is called paradoxical because _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   it serves restorative functions, and yet the body has no apparent need for it.
B)   it is light sleep in some ways and deep sleep in other ways
C)   It depends on serotonin for its onset and acetylcholine for its offset.
D)   It is associated with dreaming although brain activity is low.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Bright light late in the afternoon shortens the circadian rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Professor Schluter tells his class that the SCN produces circadian rhythms in a person's body by changing that person's _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   visual acuity
B)   communication between the brain stem and the spinal cord
C)   production of proteins
D)   blood pressureE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

After removing all sensory input to the brain, an animal would continue to have periods of sleep and wakefulness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

It appears from research with cats that one function of the messages from the pons to the spinal cord is to prevent us from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   dreaming
B)   sleeping too soundly
C)   acting out our dreams
D)   having difficulty falling asleepE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Lena is taking antidepressants that increase her levels of serotonin. What is likely true about her sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)   She cannot sleep.
B)   She has enhanced dreaming.
C)   She experiences more REM sleep.
D)   She experiences less REM sleep.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Sometimes people find themselves unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)   Blood pressure is too low.
B)   The motor nerves are inactive until body temperature reaches its normal level.
C)   An increase in light striking the eyes reflexively inhibits the motor neurons.
D)   Part of the brain is still asleep.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Research found that during REM sleep, activity ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased in the pons, while it increased in the limbic system
B)   increased in the pons, while it decreased in the limbic system
C)   decreased in both the pons and the limbic system
D)   increased in both the pons and the limbic systemE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Among adult humans, those who sleep ____ or more hours per night have the highest percentage of REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)   9
B)   5
C)   8
D)   10E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

The circadian rhythm is reset by input from special ganglion cells in the retina. These ganglion cells are unusual in that they ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   receive input from only cones, not rods
B)   are located only in a doughnut-shaped band surrounding the fovea
C)   respond directly to light, but respond very slowly
D)   become active only at night or in very dim lightE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

The biological clock depends on part of the hypothalamus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is most clearly under the control of a circadian rhythm in most animals?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sleep
B)   Storage of body fat
C)   Migration
D)   MatingE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

What are some reasons why humans need sleep? In addition, Collette is sleep deprived. What are some symptoms she might experience?

Accepted Answer

Sleep is important since it allows us to...

Question 16

REM sleep is associated with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   tension and activity of the postural muscles
B)   PGO waves in the brain
C)   a highly synchronized EEG pattern
D)   decreased heart rateE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Larisa has REM behavior disorder. What happens to her during REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)   Her body temperature drops and she wakes up.
B)   She stops breathing.
C)   She has lucid dreams.
D)   She moves around as if she is acting out her dreams.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Research on circadian rhythms has shown that one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   expose them to bright lights while they work
B)   keep the environmental temperature constant from night to day
C)   have them eat a big meal before going to sleep
D)   allow them to catnapE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 19

For a normal person, about how long does an average sleep cycle last?

Accepted Answer

A)   10 minutes
B)   90 minutes
C)   4 hours
D)   7 hoursE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Les will be taking a trip, and he is worried about how to handle his jet lag. What advice would you give him?

Accepted Answer

A)   He needs to take melatonin in the morning to wake up.
B)   He needs to expose himself to hot temperatures when he arrives to reset his circadian rhythm.
C)   He needs to sleep in a dark room.
D)   He needs to avoid bright daylight.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 8: Wakefulness and Sleep

After removing all sensory input to the brain, an animal would continue to have periods of sleep and wakefulness.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sometimes people find themselves unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening. Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

REM sleep is associated with ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Les will be taking a trip, and he is worried about how to handle his jet lag. What advice would you give him?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mean preferred time of going to sleep gets later and later until about age 20 and then starts a gradual reversal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are some reasons why humans need sleep? In addition, Collette is sleep deprived. What are some symptoms she might experience?

Correct AnswerverifiedSleep is important since it allows us to...View AnswerShow Answer

Among adult humans, those who sleep ____ or more hours per night have the highest percentage of REM sleep.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The circadian rhythm is reset by input from special ganglion cells in the retina. These ganglion cells are unusual in that they ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor King is talking about sleep and tells the class that REM sleep is called paradoxical because _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Larisa has REM behavior disorder. What happens to her during REM sleep?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The biological clock depends on part of the hypothalamus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research found that during REM sleep, activity ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lena is taking antidepressants that increase her levels of serotonin. What is likely true about her sleep?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on circadian rhythms has shown that one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts is to ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In response to emotionally arousing events, the locus coeruleus releases ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For a normal person, about how long does an average sleep cycle last?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bright light late in the afternoon shortens the circadian rhythm.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Schluter tells his class that the SCN produces circadian rhythms in a person's body by changing that person's _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most clearly under the control of a circadian rhythm in most animals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It appears from research with cats that one function of the messages from the pons to the spinal cord is to prevent us from ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Sleep is important since it allows us to...
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