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Exam 9: Deviance

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Question 21

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The medicalization of deviance idea points to the fact that most crimes are committed by people under the influence of an illegal drug.

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Question 22

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In his study of New England's Puritans, Kai Erikson concluded that

A) people everywhere define mostly the same things as deviant.
B) very religious people create very little deviance.
C) even this disciplined and highly religious group created deviance to clarify the moral boundaries of their community.
D) the proportion of people in the population that the Puritans defined as deviant kept rising over time.

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Question 23

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In Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, which of the following concepts refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them?

Describe the labelling theory of deviance. What basic insight about deviance is offered by this approach? How does labelling figure into the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance? What is the importance of stigma in labelling analysis?

Albert Cohen suggested that lower-class youths form delinquent subcultures to gain the self-respect society as a whole denies them.

The United States is the only Western, high-income nation that routinely imposes the death penalty on convicted offenders.

William Sheldon linked criminality to

Corporate crime refers to stealing or other crimes committed against a corporation or other large business.

Both Albert Cohen and Walter Miller argue that deviance is most likely to arise among

What can we say about the "typical street criminal" in terms of age, gender, social class, and race and ethnicity? In each case, what can you say to explain the pattern? Finally, point to several reasons that we must treat criminal statistics with caution.

Every society tries to regulate the behaviour of individuals; this general process is called ______.

The only Canadian prime minister who was never involved in a financial scandal was the first one, John A. Macdonald.

Labelling theory stresses that some actions are always wrong and others are always right.

What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity?

Which of the following statements comes closest to the correct view of the role of biology in causing people to commit crimes?

The basic idea behind labelling theory is that

A poor person who has little chance to go to college and who sells illegal drugs to make money is one example of a deviant "innovator."

Using Robert Merton's strain theory, how would you classify a low-paid, yet compulsively conforming bank teller, who never seems to want to get ahead but never seems to do anything wrong?

What concept refers to the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials?

The Sociology and the Media box, Crime in High Places, notes a notorious example of corporate crime involving gold. Which of the following Alberta companies was the source of this hoax?