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Exam 20: Dna Tools and Biotechnology

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Question 1

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Use the following information to answer the next few questions. CML (chronic myelogenous leukemia) results from a translocation between human chromosomes 9 and 22. The resulting chromosome 22 is significantly shorter than usual, and it is known as a Philadelphia (Ph') chromosome. The junction at the site of the translocation causes overexpression of a thymine kinase receptor. A new drug (Gleevec or imatinib) has been found to inhibit the disease if the patient is treated early. -Which of the following would be a reasonably efficient technique for confirming the diagnosis of CML?

A) searching for the number of telomeric sequences on chromosome 22
B) looking for a Ph' chromosome in a peripheral blood smear
C) enzyme assay for thymine kinase activity
D) FISH study to determine the chromosomal location of all chromosome 22 fragments
E) identification of the disease phenotype in review of the patient's records

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Question 2

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Use the following information to answer the next few questions. A group of six students has taken samples of their own cheek cells, purified the DNA, and used a restriction enzyme known to cut at zero, one, or two sites in a particular gene of interest. -Their next two steps, in order, should be

A) use of a fluorescent probe for the gene sequence, then electrophoresis.
B) electrophoresis of the fragments followed by autoradiography.
C) electrophoresis of the fragments, followed by the use of a probe.
D) use of a ligase that will anneal the pieces, followed by PCR.
E) use of reverse transcriptase to make cDNA, followed by electrophoresis.

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Question 3

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Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is found as well in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?

Use the following information to answer the next few questions. A group of six students has taken samples of their own cheek cells, purified the DNA, and used a restriction enzyme known to cut at zero, one, or two sites in a particular gene of interest. -Why might they be conducting such an experiment?

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because

Why might a laboratory be using dideoxy nucleotides?

In recent times, it has been shown that adult cells can be induced to become pluripotent stem cells (iPS) . In order to make this conversion, what has been done to the adult cells?

Use the following information to answer the next few questions. Pharmacogenetics is an increasingly important discipline that uses genetic information to tailor the prescription of drug treatments to individuals. In the case of chemotherapy for breast cancer, for example, different patients need and/or respond to different treatments. -Breast tumour biopsy specimens can be typed for a number of gene expression patterns. Together, these can provide risk analysis for the likely aggressive growth and metastasis of the tumour. How can this most help the physician and patient?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. The DNA profiles that follow represent four different individuals. -Which of the following statements is most likely true?

What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium? I. Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule. II. Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes. III. Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells. IV. Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA fragments. V. Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA.

Which of the following modifications is least likely to alter the rate at which a DNA fragment moves through a gel during electrophoresis?

A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct dodo (a bird) . To compare a specific region of the DNA from the sample with DNA from living birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for testing?

Which of the following is one of the technical reasons why gene therapy is problematic?

A gene that contains introns can be made shorter (but remain functional) for genetic engineering purposes by using

The reason for using Taq polymerase for PCR is that

Which of the following is true of embryonic stem cells but not of adult stem cells?

An animal that has genes from another species is said to be

Which of the following problems with animal cloning might result in premature death of the clones?

For a particular microarray assay (DNA chip) , cDNA has been made from the mRNAs of a dozen patients' breast tumour biopsies. The researchers will be looking for

A researcher has used in vitro mutagenesis to mutate a cloned gene and then has reinserted this into a cell. In order to have the mutated sequence disable the function of the gene, what must then occur?