Question 1

Kandel's research on Aplysia has shown that the habituation of the gill-withdrawal response

Accepted Answer

A)  is caused by a decrease in the sensitivity of the motor neurons to transmitter released by the sensory neurons
B)  is caused by a decrease in the amount of transmitter released by the sensory neurons
C)  is caused by an increase in the amount of transmitter released by the sensory neurons
D)  is caused by an increase in the activity of interneurons

Question 2

In the Solomon and Corbit opponent-process theory,the b-process is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  a pleasant emotional reaction
B)  an unpleasant emotional reaction
C)  unaffected by repeated trials
D)  slow to reach its maximum level

Question 3

In applying the terminology of control systems theory to the humidity-seeking behavior of the wood louse,the humidity level in the creature's current location can be called

Accepted Answer

A)  the actual input
B)  the reference input
C)  a disturbance
D)  the output

Question 4

According to opponent-process theory,in parachute jumping the strengthening of the b-process over trials

Accepted Answer

A)  causes the individual to be less terrified with experience
B)  causes the aftereffects of a jump to last longer with experience
C)  both a and b
D)  neither a nor b

Question 5

Kandel's research on Aplysia has shown that the habituation of the gill-withdrawal response

Accepted Answer

A)  always occurs in a single trial
B)  dissipates with time
C)  is completely different from habituation in higher organisms
D)  all of the above B

Question 6

A male stickleback will be aggressive toward other male sticklebacks that invade its territory.Of the following,which will tend to elicit the strongest aggressive response-

Accepted Answer

A)  a female stickleback
B)  an object that has the rough shape of a stickleback
C)  an object that has a red patch on the bottom
D)  a fish of another species

Question 7

In control systems theory,the action system is activated

Accepted Answer

A)  when the actual input does not match the reference input
B)  when the comparator is turned off
C)  when there is no disturbance
D)  when there is no output

Question 8

A loud noise is repeatedly presented to a rat,and after 20 trials the rat's startle reaction has completely disappeared (habituated) .If a slightly different noise is now presented,it is most likely that

Accepted Answer

A)  there will be no startle reaction at all
B)  there will be no habituation to this new stimulus
C)  habituation of the startle reaction will take more than 20 trials
D)  habituation of the startle reaction will take less than 20 trials

Question 9

In the terminology of control systems theory,the setting on a house's thermostat can be called

Accepted Answer

A)  the comparator
B)  the reference input
C)  the actual input
D)  the action system

Question 10

Habituation

Accepted Answer

A)  can be observed in some one-celled organisms
B)  can occur in the orienting response
C)  can exhibit stimulus generalization
D)  all of the above D

Question 11

Which of the following statements is not an accurate summary of the findings from research on habituation in mammals-

Accepted Answer

A)  Short-term and long-term habituation may involve different brain pathways.
B)  Cells in the auditory cortex may "habituate" to tones of specific pitches.
C)  The startle response habituates if a loud noise is presented repeatedly.
D)  Habituation is most evident in the later (motor) portions of the startle response pathway.

Question 12

In humans,contagious yawning is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  kinesis
B)  taxis
C)  fixed action pattern
D)  reaction chain

Question 13

When you quickly pull your hand away from a painful stimulus,this reflex

Accepted Answer

A)  does not involve a feedback loop
B)  is controlled by the brain's cerebral cortex
C)  involves sensory neurons,interneurons,and motor neurons
D)  all of the above

Question 14

In the Solomon and Corbit opponent-process theory,the a-process is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  a pleasant emotional reaction
B)  an unpleasant emotional reaction
C)  unaffected by repeated trials
D)  slow to reach its maximum level

Question 15

The habituation of a response to a very strong stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  will proceed rapidly
B)  will proceed slowly
C)  will not exhibit generalization
D)  will not exhibit overlearning effects

Question 16

To qualify as a "human universal," a behavior must

Accepted Answer

A)  be innate
B)  be found in human cultures throughout the world
C)  look exactly the same in human cultures throughout the world
D)  all of the above

Question 17

Kandel's research on Aplysia has shown that the physiological network underlying the gill-withdrawal reflex

Accepted Answer

A)  involves single synapses between sensory neurons and motor neurons
B)  involves two synapses: between sensory neurons and interneurons,and between interneurons and motor neurons
C)  both a and b
D)  neither a nor b B

Question 18

Overlearning in habituation (or below-zero habituation) can occur if

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation trials continue after the response has disappeared
B)  habituation trials are widely spaced over time
C)  an intense stimulus is used
D)  several different stimuli are used

Question 19

In applying the terminology of control systems theory to the humidity-seeking behavior of the wood louse,the goal of finding an area with high humidity can be called

Accepted Answer

A)  the actual input
B)  the reference input
C)  a disturbance
D)  the output

Question 20

A reaction chain differs from a fixed action pattern in that it

Accepted Answer

A)  is innate
B)  is a sequence of behaviors
C)  is more adaptive to the current environmental conditions
D)  may be found in only one species

Exam 2: Innate Behavior Patterns and Habituation

Kandel's research on Aplysia has shown that the habituation of the gill-withdrawal response

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Solomon and Corbit opponent-process theory,the b-process is said to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In applying the terminology of control systems theory to the humidity-seeking behavior of the wood louse,the humidity level in the creature's current location can be called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to opponent-process theory,in parachute jumping the strengthening of the b-process over trials

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kandel's research on Aplysia has shown that the habituation of the gill-withdrawal response

Correct AnswerverifiedB

A male stickleback will be aggressive toward other male sticklebacks that invade its territory.Of the following,which will tend to elicit the strongest aggressive response-

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In control systems theory,the action system is activated

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A loud noise is repeatedly presented to a rat,and after 20 trials the rat's startle reaction has completely disappeared (habituated) .If a slightly different noise is now presented,it is most likely that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the terminology of control systems theory,the setting on a house's thermostat can be called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Habituation

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of the following statements is not an accurate summary of the findings from research on habituation in mammals-

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In humans,contagious yawning is an example of a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When you quickly pull your hand away from a painful stimulus,this reflex

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Solomon and Corbit opponent-process theory,the a-process is said to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The habituation of a response to a very strong stimulus

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To qualify as a "human universal," a behavior must

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kandel's research on Aplysia has shown that the physiological network underlying the gill-withdrawal reflex

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Overlearning in habituation (or below-zero habituation) can occur if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In applying the terminology of control systems theory to the humidity-seeking behavior of the wood louse,the goal of finding an area with high humidity can be called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A reaction chain differs from a fixed action pattern in that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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D

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B

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