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Firms entering markets where there are no incumbent competitors to be acquired should choose


A) greenfield investments.
B) joint ventures.
C) acquisitions.
D) takeovers.

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Which of the following is a distinct advantage of exporting?


A) It avoids the threat of tariff barriers by the host-country government.
B) Firms benefit from a local partner's knowledge of the host country's competitive conditions.
C) It avoids the often substantial costs of establishing manufacturing operations in the host country.
D) It is appropriate if lower cost locations for manufacturing the product can be found abroad.

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A disadvantage of ________ is that the firm that enters into such an arrangement will have no long-term interest in the foreign country.


A) wholly owned subsidiaries
B) exporting
C) licensing
D) turnkey projects

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What is the primary advantage of licensing?


A) It helps a firm avoid the development costs and risks associated with opening a foreign market.
B) It gives a firm the tight control over manufacturing, marketing, and strategy.
C) It helps a firm achieve experience curve and location economies.
D) It increases a firm's ability to utilize a coordinated strategy.

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________ can be used to formalize arrangements to swap skills and technology in a strategic alliance.


A) Modularization
B) Cross-licensing agreements
C) Structured transfer agreements
D) Contractual safeguards

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A ________ entails establishing a firm that is owned together by two or more otherwise independent firms.


A) joint venture
B) licensing agreement
C) franchisee
D) turnkey contract

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The most typical joint venture is a 60-40 venture, in which one party holds most of the ownership stake.

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Discuss the three primary characteristics of a good ally.

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A good ally, or partner, has three chara...

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Exporting from a firm's home base is most appropriate when lower-cost locations for manufacturing the product can be found abroad.

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In ____, the contractor agrees to handle every detail of the project for a foreign client, including the training of operating personnel.


A) exporting
B) licensing
C) franchising
D) turnkey projects

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Which of the following is true of establishing a greenfield venture in a foreign country? 


A) Greenfield investments are less risky than acquiring an existing company in a foreign market.
B) A degree of uncertainty is associated with a greenfield venture because of future revenue and profit prospects.
C) Greenfield investments virtually eliminate the possibility of a more aggressive global competitor entering the market via acquisitions.
D) Greenfield investments are quick to establish.

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When technological know-how constitutes a firm's core competence, which entry mode is the optimal choice?


A) foreign franchises controlled by joint ventures
B) licensing agreements
C) wholly owned subsidiaries
D) turnkey contracts

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Managing an alliance successfully requires building interpersonal relationships between the firms' managers. This is sometimes referred to as


A) relational capital.
B) relational assets.
C) operational assets.
D) venture capital.

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Turnkey projects are most common in which of the following industries?


A) fresh fruit, grain, and meat products
B) chemical, pharmaceutical, and metal refining
C) consumer durables, computer peripherals, and automotive parts
D) apparel, shoes, and leather products

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Which of the following is true of strategic alliances?


A) Strategic alliances can make entry into a foreign market difficult.
B) Strategic alliances, while they have many benefits, do not allow firms to share the fixed costs of developing new products or processes.
C) Strategic alliances allow firms to bring together complementary skills and assets that neither company could easily develop on its own.
D) Strategic alliances, while beneficial to firms, make the establishment of technological standards for an industry difficult.

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The costs and risks associated with doing business in a foreign country are typically


A) low in an economically advanced nation.
B) low in the countries of the European Union.
C) high in an economically advanced nation.
D) high in a politically stable democratic nation.

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Under ________ agreement, a firm might license some valuable intangible property to a foreign partner, but in addition to a royalty payment, the firm might also request that the foreign partner license some of its valuable know-how to the firm.


A) an integrated licensing
B) a chartering
C) a franchising
D) a cross-licensing

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Educating customers is an element of pioneering costs.

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A wholly owned subsidiary is appropriate when the firm wants


A) to share the cost and risk of developing a foreign market.
B) 100 percent of the profits generated in a foreign market.
C) a plant that is ready to operate.
D) to test a market.

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Which of the following statements about franchising is true?


A) It guarantees consistent product quality.
B) It tends to involve more short-term commitments than licensing.
C) It is a specialized form of licensing.
D) It is employed primarily by manufacturing firms.

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