Exam 13: Family and Religion

A) the historical importance of religion in people's lives
B) the historical increase in the importance of the sacred
C) the historical decline in the importance of the sacred
D) the historical concern of the church with social change

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A) bilateral descent
B) matrilineal descent
C) patrilineal descent
D) None of these responses is correct.

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A

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A) enjoying the loyalty and support of extended families.
B) following conventional gender roles.
C) having greater parental control over children's courtship.
D) All of these responses are correct.

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A) about the same.
B) half as high.
C) twice as high.
D) about three times higher.

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Max Weber's thesis regarding Protestantism and the rise of capitalism is articulated in his seminal work, "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," first published in German in 1905. Weber's thesis posits that the Protestant Reformation, particularly its Calvinist branch, played a significant role in the development of the economic system of capitalism in Western Europe. Weber argued that the Protestant ethic, especially the Calvinist emphasis on hard work, discipline, and frugality, was an important influence on the development of a capitalist spirit. Calvinism, with its doctrine of predestination, led believers to seek signs of God's favor in their worldly success. This, in turn, encouraged them to work diligently and to reinvest their earnings into their businesses, rather than spending them on frivolous activities. According to Weber, the Protestant ethic transformed the way individuals viewed work and economic activity. Work was no longer seen merely as a means of survival or a penance for sin, but as a calling or vocation (Beruf) that had intrinsic value. This new attitude towards work and the accumulation of wealth created an environment conducive to the growth of capitalism. Weber's thesis also suggests that the rationalization of life, which was part of the Protestant ethic, contributed to the development of bureaucratic structures and legal-rational authority, both of which are essential components of modern capitalism. The emphasis on individual responsibility and the ascetic lifestyle promoted by Protestantism also fostered the development of economic rationalism, which is a key element of capitalist behavior. It is important to note that Weber did not claim that Protestantism was the sole cause of capitalism. Instead, he viewed it as one of several contributing factors that helped to create the cultural and social conditions necessary for capitalism to flourish. Weber's work has been influential in the fields of sociology, economics, and history, and it has sparked considerable debate and further research into the relationship between religion and economic development.

A) sacred.
B) profane.
C) religion.
D) ritual.

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B

A) understanding patterns of religious activity and their effect on society.
B) which religions are true and which are false.
C) the purpose of life.
D) discerning the will of God.

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Courtship: One important issue involved ...

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Looking ahead fifty years, it is difficu...

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