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Exam 11: Cracks, crags, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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Orogenesis (mountain building) leads to the production of ____________.

A) metamorphic rocks only
B) igneous rocks only
C) sedimentary rocks only
D) All of the above are correct.

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Question 22

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Tectonic foliation,such as elongation of quartz grains,always occurs parallel to the original bedding plane of a body of rock.

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Question 23

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Continental crust is typically 35-km thick,but may be up to ____________ thicker under mountain ranges.

Mountain ranges are important sites for the formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks,but do not have any apparent relationship with the formation of sedimentary rocks.

A geologist's compass differs from the more widely known orienteering compass in that the geologist's compass ____________.

The sides of a fold,where curvature is at a minimum,are termed ____________.

An episode of mountain building is termed a(n) ____________.

Regions of continents that have not been subjected to orogeny during the past one billion years are termed ____________.

A fold shaped like an upside-down bowl is a(n) ____________.

Force per unit area is termed ____________.

A body of rock under high pressure is more likely to exhibit ____________ than is a body of rock at low pressure.

The outer portion of a craton,where deformed rocks are covered by sediments,is termed the ____________.

On a geologic map,if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull's-eye pattern of concentric circles,with the oldest unit in the center,the underlying structure is a(n) ____________.

In a ____________ fault,the fault plane is greater than 35° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward relative to the footwall block.

On a geologic map,if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a series of parallel lines,with the youngest unit in the center,the underlying structure is a(n) ____________.

In a ____________ fault,the fault plane is nonvertical and the hanging-wall block moves downward relative to the footwall block.

Motion along all faults is either strike slip or dip slip;combinations of these two types of displacement are never found together in a single fault.

A body of rock to which a sudden,rapid stress has been applied is more likely to exhibit ____________ than is a body of rock subjected to a gradually applied stress.

A fold shaped like an elongate arch is a(n) ____________.

Regions where Precambrian metamorphic rocks are exposed at the surface are termed ____________.