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The parol evidence rule does not prevent the use of evidence that a party would like to use to establish the defense of fraud, duress, or undue influence.

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Abco Corp.is building a new office tower.Ace Plumbing Supplies refuses to provide plumbing materials on credit to the plumbing subcontractor on the building.Abco promises Ace that it will pay for the materials if the subcontractor does not.Abco's promise is unenforceable unless in writing.

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Which of the following is untrue with regard to the interpretation of contracts?


A) Express terms prevail over course of performance, and course of performance prevails over course of dealing.
B) Technical terms will always be given technical meaning and language that has a commonly accepted meaning is always interpreted in accordance with that meaning.
C) Handwritten or typed terms are given greater weight than preprinted terms.
D) All writings that are part of the same transaction are interpreted together.

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On April 2, Derrick hires JoAnn to work for ten months starting on June 10.Does the employment contract have to be written? Explain.

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The statute of frauds requires that all ...

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Examples of unenforceable oral contracts are:


A) an oral promise to guarantee the additional duties of another.
B) an oral agreement to substitute different land for that described in the original contract.
C) an oral agreement to extend an employee's contract for six months to a total of two years.
D) All of the above.
E) (a) and (c) , but not (b)

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Identify at least six situations in which the parol evidence rule does not apply.

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a.Article 2 requires a writing in contracts for the sale of goods for a price of $500 or more.The UCC requires a writing or record sufficient to indicate that a contract has been made between the parties, signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought or by an authorized agent or broker, and specifying the quantity of goods to be sold.b.Three exceptions to the writing requirement are found in Article 2 of the UCC.One exception is that no writing is required when the goods are specially manufactured, not suitable for resale in the ordinary course of business, and the seller has made a substantial beginning on their manufacture or has made commitments for their procurement.No writing is necessary when the contract is admitted in pleadings or testimony in court.No writing is necessary where the goods have been paid for and accepted or where they have been received and accepted.

Which of the following is a collateral promise?


A) A mother tells a merchant to extend $1,000 worth of credit to her son and says, "If he doesn't pay, I will."
B) Andrew promises Donald that if Donald cannot pay his bills, Andrew will.
C) A father tells a merchant to deliver a computer to his daughter and says, "Send me the bill.I'll pay for it."
D) All of the above are collateral promises.

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All contracts do not have to be in writing to be enforceable.

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Barry's Sport Shop calls Champion Tee Shirt Company to order 200 designer tee shirts at $2 per shirt.The next day, Barry decides he can easily sell 100 more.Before the order is filled, he calls to change the order to 300 tee shirts.Champion sends 200.Can Barry force Champion to send the additional 100?


A) No, because there is no consideration for the extra 100 shirts.
B) No, because Barry does not have a writing signed by Champion Tee Shirts.
C) Yes, because this is a subsequent modification of the original contract.
D) Yes, because Champion Tee Shirts is a merchant within the meaning of Article 2 of the UCC.

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The executor-administrator provision applies to promises of an executor of a decedent's estate to the decedent's creditors.

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A contract to pay for lawn care services costing $1,500 would have to be in writing to be enforceable.

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Which of the following would NOT require a writing under the statute of frauds?


A) Where the buyer agrees to pay $10,000 for a piece of real estate.
B) Where a renter agrees to rent a building for a 5-year period.
C) Where a contract enters into an agreement for an easement across adjoining land to run cables.
D) Where a landscaper agrees to landscape the lot surrounding an office building.

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D

An example of language creating a suretyship as meant under the statute of frauds would be the following: "If my business partner does not write out the check for the supply bill for our company, I will."

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Which of the following promises does not have to be evidenced by a writing in order to be enforceable?


A) Jones's agreement with Smith to sell his condominium for $100,000.
B) Stewart's promise to work for Austin for a two-year period.
C) Dad's promise to the credit union that he will make payments on his son's truck.
D) Mindy's agreement with Susan to buy her bike for $400.

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The statute of frauds requires all contracts that can be fully performed within one year of their making to be in writing.

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False

Clara types a letter to David setting forth the terms of their contract that falls within the statute of frauds.At the end of the letter, she types her name but does not sign her signature to it.If David wants to use the letter to satisfy the writing requirement, he may do so.

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In the Jenkins v.Eckerd Corporation case, the court held that:


A) the trial court erroneously concluded that the lease unambiguously gave the lessee the option to cancel the lease.
B) although the lease was unambiguous when read literally, the lease was not clear and complete with regard to the operation of the lease should the lease be assigned.Therefore, parol evidence should be admitted.
C) extrinsic evidence could not be admitted because the lease was an integrated agreement complete in all essential terms and the lease contained no latent or patent ambiguity.
D) the existence of a merger or integration clause establishes per se that a writing is totally integrated.

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An employment contract that is in any way capable of being performed within one year from the date of the agreement falls within the requirements of the statute of frauds.

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Most types of contracts are valid without being written.

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An oral contract for the transfer of an interest in land may be enforced if the party seeking enforcement has so changed his position in reasonable reliance on the contract that a court can prevent injustice only by enforcing the contract.

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