Question 1

Social process theories share one basic concept. Which is it?

Accepted Answer

A)  All people, regardless of their race, class, or gender, are basically good.
B)  All people, regardless of their race, class, or gender, have the potential to become delinquents or criminals.
C)  Criminal behavior is genetic, regardless of race, class, or gender.
D)  Lower-class people, regardless of race or gender, are more prone to commit crime.

Question 2

All of the following family factors are associated with delinquency EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  inconsistent discipline.
B)  poor parental supervision.
C)  non-coercive parenting.
D)  drug abusing parents.

Question 3

Discuss the association between delinquent peers and crime in general and within the context of social control theory.

Accepted Answer

The association between delinquent peers...

Question 4

The delinquent peer-crime relationship does not apply to popular kids because they are too busy to commit crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Social control theory suggests that people learn techniques and attitudes of crime from close relationships with criminal peers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Differential association theory holds that people learn criminal attitudes and behavior during their adolescence from close, trusted friends or relatives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

How do religion and belief impact criminality?

Accepted Answer

Religion and belief can have a significa...

Question 8

Which of the following issues has been raised regarding the validity of social control theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Delinquency may lead to weakened social bonds, not vice versa.
B)  Social control theory has never been empirically tested.
C)  Social control theory applies primarily to lower-class youth and does not explain the criminal behavior of middle- and upper-class youth.
D)  Social control theory relies too heavily on social relationships that are difficult to measure.

Question 9

Discuss the key points of labeling theory and the consequences of labeling. Include in your discussion the concepts of primary and secondary deviance.

Accepted Answer

Labeling theory is a sociological perspe...

Question 10

Explain the influence of family relations on delinquency and crime.

Accepted Answer

Family relations have a significant infl...

Question 11

The process of becoming stigmatized by crime labels is interactive. Labeling theorists blame the establishment of criminal careers on:

Accepted Answer

A)  parents.
B)  crime control agencies.
C)  teachers.
D)  the criminals themselves.

Question 12

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect labeling theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Labeling theory identifies the role played by social agents in crime causation.
B)  Labeling theory recognizes that criminality is a disease or a pathological behavior.
C)  Labeling theory distinguishes between criminal acts and criminal careers.
D)  Labeling theory focuses attention on the social interactions and reactions that shape individuals and their behavior.

Question 13

Discuss how social process theories have influenced public policy. Provide examples of policies and programs based on social process theories.

Accepted Answer

Social process theories have had a signi...

Question 14

Social reaction theory suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  crime occurs when the forces that bind people to society are weakened or broken.
B)  only males have significant potential to become criminals.
C)  crime is a learned behavior
D)  people become criminals when significant members of society label them as such.

Question 15

The stronger a person's commitment to conventional institutions, individuals, and processes, the less likely they are to commit crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Travis Hirschi states that the social bonds a person maintains with society are divided into four main elements. Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment
B)  commitment
C)  affection
D)  involvement

Question 17

Criminals sometimes neutralize wrongdoings by "appealing to higher loyalties." Which of the following would be an example of that technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vandalizing the home of a disliked neighbor.
B)  Attacking someone who is arguing with a friend.
C)  Stealing from a large department store that "has plenty of money."
D)  Blaming the police for being unfair.

Question 18

Travis Hirschi tested the principal hypotheses of social control theory. While evidence was strong and supportive, what is the most controversial aspect of Hirschi's conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Youths who are strongly attached to parents were less likely to commit crime.
B)  Youths who were involved in conventional activities were less likely to engage in criminal behavior.
C)  Youths who maintained weak, distant relationships with people tended toward delinquency.
D)  Any form of social attachment is beneficial, even to deviant peers and parents.

Question 19

The process of _____ refers to moving in and out of delinquency or shifting between conventional and deviant values.

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer
B)  waft
C)  drift
D)  sway

Question 20

_________ refers to a style of parenting with parents who are supportive and who effectively control their children in a non-coercive way.

Accepted Answer

A)  Parent pathology
B)  Low frequency parenting
C)  Parental efficacy
D)  Low coercion parenting

Exam 7: Social Process Theories

How do religion and belief impact criminality?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIReligion and belief can have a significa...View AnswerShow Answer

Discuss the key points of labeling theory and the consequences of labeling. Include in your discussion the concepts of primary and secondary deviance.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AILabeling theory is a sociological perspe...View AnswerShow Answer

The delinquent peer-crime relationship does not apply to popular kids because they are too busy to commit crime.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss how social process theories have influenced public policy. Provide examples of policies and programs based on social process theories.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AISocial process theories have had a signi...View AnswerShow Answer

The process of _____ refers to moving in and out of delinquency or shifting between conventional and deviant values.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect labeling theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following family factors are associated with delinquency EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the influence of family relations on delinquency and crime.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIFamily relations have a significant infl...View AnswerShow Answer

Social process theories share one basic concept. Which is it?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Criminals sometimes neutralize wrongdoings by "appealing to higher loyalties." Which of the following would be an example of that technique?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social reaction theory suggests that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social control theory suggests that people learn techniques and attitudes of crime from close relationships with criminal peers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Travis Hirschi states that the social bonds a person maintains with society are divided into four main elements. Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the association between delinquent peers and crime in general and within the context of social control theory.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe association between delinquent peers...View AnswerShow Answer

_________ refers to a style of parenting with parents who are supportive and who effectively control their children in a non-coercive way.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Travis Hirschi tested the principal hypotheses of social control theory. While evidence was strong and supportive, what is the most controversial aspect of Hirschi's conclusions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stronger a person's commitment to conventional institutions, individuals, and processes, the less likely they are to commit crime.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following issues has been raised regarding the validity of social control theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of becoming stigmatized by crime labels is interactive. Labeling theorists blame the establishment of criminal careers on:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Differential association theory holds that people learn criminal attitudes and behavior during their adolescence from close, trusted friends or relatives.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Religion and belief can have a significa...
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Labeling theory is a sociological perspe...
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Social process theories have had a signi...
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Family relations have a significant infl...
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The association between delinquent peers...
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