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Exam 4: Molecular Biology

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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Transposable elements are

A) segments of DNA that move from one site to another.
B) transcribed genes.
C) segments of RNA that are involved in transposing DNA into proteins.
D) proteins that aid in the secretion of enzymes out of the cell.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 32

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In nature,the predominant form of DNA is supercoiled in a negative direction.

A) True
B) False

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Question 33

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Explain the concept of semiconservative replication and how simultaneous copying of both strands of DNA is accomplished in prokaryotic cells.

In all cells a gene encodes for

In ________ several ribosomes can simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule in a complex called a(n) ________.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the reaction between the appropriate amino acid and ATP to form an activated amino acid: amino acid + ATP ↔ aminoacyl-AMP + P-P.

AT-rich DNA will denature/melt

The codon on the ________ matches with the anticodon on the ________ to direct the addition of the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.

You are trying to design a protein that will be expressed in Escherichia coli and secreted outside of the cell for purification and use as a pharmaceutical.E.coli is a gram-negative cell and the protein folds after it has exited the cell.Which secretion system would work best for this project? Support your answer with evidence based on the properties of E.coli,the protein,and the secretion system.

Genes found on plasmids DO NOT impact metabolism or cellular structures.

Speculate on why it can be problematic to copy and express genes from Bacteria into Eukarya.

Some essential genes and DNA sequences in cells DO NOT encode for proteins but are still essential for cellular growth and replication.Give two examples of a gene or sequence of which this is true and explain why it is essential for growth or replication.

Explain the difference between an intrinsic terminator and a Rho-dependent termination site.

In Bacteria,a chromosome can be distinguished from a plasmid,because a chromosome is a genetic element that

DNA-binding proteins interact predominantly within which portion of a double-stranded DNA helix?

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning mRNA?

Speculate why the half-life of mRNA is short,while the half-lives of rRNA and tRNA are long.

Most prokaryotic genomes are double-stranded circular DNA.

Explain how Escherichia coli can grow with a doubling time of 20 minutes when chromosome replication takes 40 minutes.

DNA replication always proceeds in only one direction because the ________ of the incoming nucleotide is attached to the free ________ of the growing DNA strand.