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Exam 12: Microbial Evolution and Systematics

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Question 21

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The oxic atmosphere created conditions that led to the evolution of various new metabolic pathways,such as

A) sulfide oxidation.
B) nitrification.
C) iron oxidation.
D) sulfide oxidation,nitrification,and iron oxidation.

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Question 22

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The earliest stromatolites were probably formed by

A) anoxygenic phototrophs.
B) anoxygenic lithotrophs.
C) oxygenic phototrophs.
D) oxygenic lithotrophs.

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Question 23

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Approximately 4 billion years ago Archaea and Bacteria diverged as being distinct from each other.

What type of methods are used in microbial systematics? Why are multiple methods used to characterize and classify microbial species? Be sure to define the methods and describe the general strengths and weaknesses of each type.

Describe the hydrogen hypothesis and why it is favored over other hypotheses.

If you allowed 10 identical parallel Salmonella cultures to evolve for 10,000 generations under new growth conditions with very little nitrogen,the parallel cultures would

How does the Black Queen Hypothesis explain the effect of gene deletions on bacterial evolution?

Two eukaryotic organelles that are hypothesized to be the result of endosymbiosis are the ________ and the ________.

Two organisms containing identical GC ratios are not necessarily related.

The pan genome of a microbial species is constantly changing because of

Microbial ________ studies the diversity of microorganisms and links their phylogeny with ________.

DNA:DNA hybridization is a sensitive method for revealing subtle genetic differences because it measures the degree of sequence similarity between two genomes.

When exposed to UV light,oxygen gas produces ozone gas.

The establishment of DNA as the genome of the cell may have resulted from the need to store genetic information in a more stable form than RNA.

Most bacterial phyla lack strong phenotypic cohesiveness.

You are studying 12 new isolates from the human skin.The isolates have 16S rRNA sequences that are 97% similar and share important phenotypic traits.Their genomes have 55% of their genes in common.The isolates would most likely be

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called its ________ and it is inferred from ________.

You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample.The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature,so you are excited that it could be a new species.What experiments should you perform to determine if your isolate is truly a new species? What process will you follow to officially name your isolate?

As oxygen appeared in the atmosphere,________ also accumulated,which formed a protective barrier that protects the Earth from ________.

Which statement most closely expresses our present understanding?