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Vitamin A deficiency causes the epithelial cells of the skin to change shape and to secrete the protein ________.


A)  keratin 
B)  opsin 
C)  elastin 
D)  collagen 
E)  beta globulin

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The active vitamin E compound is ____________________.

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Which of the following vitamins may reduce the risk of heart disease by slowing the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins? 


A)  A 
B)  E 
C)  K 
D)  D2 
E)  D3

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Diseases affecting the liver or the ________ can interfere with the activation of vitamin D and produce symptoms of deficiency.


A)  skin 
B)  pancreas 
C)  intestines 
D)  kidneys 
E)  stomach

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MATCHING -A vitamin D-dependent transport protein


A) Xerosis
B) Rickets
C) Chlorophyll
D) Tocopherols
E) Beta-carotene
F) Vitamin A
G) Vitamin E
H) Vitamin K
I) Calciferol
J) Hemophilia
K) Antibiotics
L) Osteomalacia
M) Calbindin
N) Xerophthalmia
O) Osteocalcin
P) Phylloquinone
Q) Wheat germ oil
R) Erythrocyte hemolysis
S) Cabbage
T) Retinol

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Define free radicals and discuss their adverse effects.

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A free radical is a molecule with one or...

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What percentage of the U.S.population is deficient in vitamin D? 


A)  6 
B)  16 
C)  26 
D)  36 
E)  46

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Which of the following accurately describes vitamin A in foods? 


A)  Xanthophylls in beets and corn masks the presence of beta-carotene. 
B)  Butter is a poor source of vitamin A. 
C)  Most carotenoids can be converted in the body to active vitamin A. 
D)  Chlorophyll in dark green leafy vegetables masks the presence of beta-carotene. 
E)  Plants contain retinoids but no carotenoids.

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Why does vitamin A status depend on the person's protein status? 


A)  All vitamin A comes from protein-rich foods. 
B)  Dietary protein ensures synthesis of the vitamin's GI tract transporter. 
C)  Adequate protein intake reduces the risk for infection from bacteria that degrade the vitamin. 
D)  Retinol-binding protein serves as the vitamin's transport carrier inside the body. 
E)  Protein frees vitamin A from its lipid bonds.

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MATCHING -Soft bones caused by Vitamin D deficiency in adults


A) Xerosis
B) Rickets
C) Chlorophyll
D) Tocopherols
E) Beta-carotene
F) Vitamin A
G) Vitamin E
H) Vitamin K
I) Calciferol
J) Hemophilia
K) Antibiotics
L) Osteomalacia
M) Calbindin
N) Xerophthalmia
O) Osteocalcin
P) Phylloquinone
Q) Wheat germ oil
R) Erythrocyte hemolysis
S) Cabbage
T) Retinol

Correct Answer

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Retinol-binding protein picks up vitamin A from the ________ and carries it to the blood.


A)  intestines 
B)  kidneys 
C)  liver 
D)  pancreas 
E)  gallbladder

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Which of the following is the most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet? 


A)  Fruits 
B)  Fortified milk 
C)  Vegetables 
D)  Legumes 
E)  Whole grains

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Which carotenoid has the highest vitamin A activity? 


A)  Beta-cryptoxanthin 
B)  Lycopene 
C)  Lutein 
D)  Beta-carotene 
E)  Zeaxanthin

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Which of the following describes the effect of vitamin A in foods? 


A)  Fast-food French fries are good sources of vitamin A. 
B)  Arctic explorers who have eaten large quantities of polar bear liver have become ill with symptoms suggesting vitamin A toxicity. 
C)  To date, scientists have been unable to solve the problem of vitamin A deficiencies in developing countries. 
D)  Chlorophyll in vegetables can be converted to active vitamin A in the intestinal cells. 
E)  Pregnant women should eat at least one ounce of beef liver per day to help ensure normal fetal eye development.

Correct Answer

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What is the RDA of vitamin E for adults? 


A)  5 mg 
B)  10 mg 
C)  15 mg 
D)  30 mg 
E)  60 mg

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MATCHING -Calcium-binding protein in bones


A) Xerosis
B) Rickets
C) Chlorophyll
D) Tocopherols
E) Beta-carotene
F) Vitamin A
G) Vitamin E
H) Vitamin K
I) Calciferol
J) Hemophilia
K) Antibiotics
L) Osteomalacia
M) Calbindin
N) Xerophthalmia
O) Osteocalcin
P) Phylloquinone
Q) Wheat germ oil
R) Erythrocyte hemolysis
S) Cabbage
T) Retinol

Correct Answer

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Of the following,which is rapidly corrected when treated with vitamin A supplements? 


A)  Acne 
B)  Rickets 
C)  Osteomalacia 
D)  Night blindness 
E)  Scurvy

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Much of the vitamin E in the diet comes from ________.


A)  lean meats 
B)  fish 
C)  vegetable oils 
D)  tropical fruits 
E)  tomatoes

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How does vitamin A deficiency affect the eyes?

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Night blindness is one of the first dete...

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MATCHING -Another name for vitamin D


A) Xerosis
B) Rickets
C) Chlorophyll
D) Tocopherols
E) Beta-carotene
F) Vitamin A
G) Vitamin E
H) Vitamin K
I) Calciferol
J) Hemophilia
K) Antibiotics
L) Osteomalacia
M) Calbindin
N) Xerophthalmia
O) Osteocalcin
P) Phylloquinone
Q) Wheat germ oil
R) Erythrocyte hemolysis
S) Cabbage
T) Retinol

Correct Answer

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