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What is the highest level of peer interaction that infants can attain by age 2?


A) reciprocal exchange
B) friendship
C) turn-taking
D) chumship

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Pam loves to play with other children.At the park,she frequently runs from the sandbox to her mommy,gives her a hug,and then runs back.When mom walks a short distance away to get some water,Pam begins to cry and runs after her.After they both get a drink,they head back toward the sandbox,with Pam running ahead to join the other children in play.Pam's attachment relationship with her mother is best described as


A) secure.
B) resistant.
C) avoidant.
D) disorganized-disoriented.

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Which type of infant attachment is best associated with having a parent who is abusing drugs?


A) Disorganized-disoriented
B) Resistant
C) Avoidant
D) Secure

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Which of the following is a key factor in the decrease of social relationships for middle-aged adults?


A) stigma
B) infirmity
C) selectivity
D) parenting

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Adolescents who have secure attachments with their parents have


A) higher levels of self-esteem.
B) lower levels of compassion.
C) lower levels of social competence.
D) higher levels of stranger anxiety

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Molly's classmates rarely choose her as a playmate,yet she is not disliked by most of her peers.She tends to be shy and quiet,and on rare occasions when someone does ask her to play,Molly often says no and walks away.According to categories of sociometric status,Molly is best classified as


A) neglected.
B) rejected.
C) antisocial.
D) controversial.

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Which of the following infants is most likely to experience emotional problems later in life?


A) Robbie,who has resistant attachment
B) Maya,who has avoidant attachment
C) Montell,who has reliant attachment
D) Hae,who has disorganized-disoriented attachment

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What is at the core of children's cooperative play?


A) rules
B) objectives
C) affection
D) proximity

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Which statement best reflects the ethological perspective regarding parent/child attachments?


A) Attachments form automatically as a result of biological programming.
B) Human infants and caregivers have biological tendencies to form attachments.
C) The key to forming close attachments lies in the principles of conditioning and reinforcement.
D) Learning plays no significant role in the process of developing parent/child attachments.

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A college student becomes homesick during her first semester on campus.This response is most related to


A) stranger anxiety.
B) resistant attachment.
C) separation anxiety.
D) avoidant attachment.

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Which statement best describes results from research on adults' internal working models of self?


A) Early attachment styles have little bearing on love relationships.
B) Internal working models predict the capacity for exploration in adulthood.
C) There appears to be little intergenerational transmission of attachment styles.
D) Internal working models are not subject to revision.

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The bonding phase of adolescent romantic relationships is characterized by a focus on one's self.

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Which of the following is true of emotions?


A) The character of emotions changes as we develop cognitively.
B) Basic emotions are culturally- and developmentally-based.
C) A neurologically-intact baby can show at least six distinct emotions at birth.
D) In general,adults cannot interpret infant emotions until the infants are 10 to 12 months old.

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Which of the following has been shown in cross-cultural studies of attachment?


A) Parental sensitivity and responsiveness are the critical factors across cultures.
B) Although supported in individualistic cultures,attachment theory does not appear useful in collectivist cultures.
C) Infant factors are critical in individualistic cultures and parental factors are critical in collectivist cultures.
D) There is no evidence that individualistic and collectivistic cultures differ in parenting styles.

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According to Bowlby,the underlying drive for infants and parents to form attachments is ________.


A) affection
B) security
C) survival
D) contact

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Displaying _____ would indicate the LEAST advanced level of social-cognitive ability.


A) goal-corrected partnership
B) undiscriminating social responsiveness
C) active proximity-seeking/true attachment
D) discriminating social responsiveness

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Attachment is a critical element of our social functioning throughout our lives,and begins with the parents who welcomed us into the world.How old is an infant when this attachment forms?


A) a few minutes
B) a couple weeks
C) several months
D) nearly a year

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Kono takes her one-year-old son,Chin Ho,to visit an infant-toddler program that he will soon join.Chin Ho appears very anxious and is unwilling to explore and play,even though Kono is close by.When Kono leaves the room,Chin Ho becomes extremely upset and remains that way all the time his mother is gone.When Kono returns,Chin Ho stays close to his mother,but makes it clear he does not want her to touch him or pick him up.He appears angry with Kono.This best demonstrates which sort of attachment relationship?


A) Disorganized
B) Resistant
C) Avoidant
D) Secure

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Which statement concerning childhood friendships is FALSE?


A) Many unpopular children have at least one reciprocal friend.
B) Having a friend increases the odds of being happy.
C) Having a chum is not as good as having a friend.
D) True friends are not considered attachment figures.

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What type of attachment style might be formed between an infant and a young,drug-addicted mother? Describe the attachment style,the characteristics of the mother and infant,and the dynamics of their relationship.

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