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You have just applied the AED to a female patient in cardiac arrest and the machine is ready to analyze the heart rhythm. Which of the following instructions is appropriate at this time?


A) "Stop CPR and clear the patient."
B) "Stop chest compressions but continue ventilation."
C) "Continue CPR until we see if a shock is advised."
D) "Stop CPR but continue to check for a pulse."

Correct Answer

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Proper care of cardiac arrest for a 6-year-old pediatric patient when there are no available pediatric AED pads would include:


A) 2 EMTs providing a 30:2 ratio of compressions to ventilations.
B) CPR with no AED placement due to lack of pediatric pads.
C) compressing the chest to a maximum of 1½ inches in depth.
D) placement and use of the adult pads with adult energy levels.

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After analyzing a cardiac arrest patient's heart rhythm, the AED provides a "Deliver Shock" message. After clearing the patient, the EMT's next step should be to:


A) press the shock button, and then check for the return of a pulse.
B) press the shock button, and then allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm.
C) press the shock button, and then perform CPR for 2 minutes.
D) check for a pulse, and then press the shock button if a pulse is not present.

Correct Answer

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A patient goes into cardiac arrest at 11:40 a.m. Which of the following treatment descriptions gives the patient the best chance for recovery?


A) CPR at 11:42 a.m. and advanced cardiac drugs at 11:48 a.m.
B) Defibrillation at 11:46 a.m. followed by ACLS at 11:51 a.m.
C) CPR at 11:41 a.m. and defibrillation at 11:43 a.m.
D) Defibrillation at 11:44 a.m. followed by CPR at 11:49 a.m.

Correct Answer

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Why is defibrillation in the first few minutes of cardiac arrest so critical?


A) If cardiac arrest is not treated within the first few minutes, ventricular fibrillation will convert to asystole, a non-shockable heart rhythm.
B) Research has shown that a heart in cardiac arrest will continue to pump blood for a few minutes before cardiac output drops to zero.
C) In the first few minutes of cardiac arrest, the blood pressure is still normal, but will drop quickly, making successful defibrillation less likely.
D) In the first few minutes of cardiac arrest the heart is still warm, but begins to cool rapidly making it less receptive to a defibrillatory shock.

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You have been called to a public pool for an unresponsive patient. On arrival you find lifeguards performing CPR with a pocket mask and oxygen on a 67-year-old male. They report that the patient was in the water and was seen clutching his chest seconds before going unresponsive. He was immediately pulled from the water and CPR was initiated. They estimate that CPR has been performed for 5 minutes. Assessment shows the man to be unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Which one of the following is your first response?


A) "Stop CPR and let's apply the AED."
B) "We need to quickly dry him from head to toe before applying the AED."
C) "Let's start ventilation with a bag-valve mask and oxygen."
D) "Let's take a towel and dry off his chest."

Correct Answer

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A 52-year-old male has collapsed on his front porch and his family dialed 911. When you arrive, the daughter informs you that the patient has been down for approximately 8 minutes. Assessment reveals him to be in cardiac arrest. Which one of the following should you do immediately?


A) Contact medical direction for permission to use the AED given the downtime.
B) Perform five cycles of CPR at a ratio of 15 compressions to two ventilations (single rescuer CPR) .
C) Hold CPR so that the AED can be checked and applied for use.
D) Start CPR while the AED is readied for use.

Correct Answer

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Which one of the following statements about the AED and its use in the treatment of cardiac arrest is true?


A) "AEDs have simplified the treatment of cardiac arrest to the point where the EMT does not have to be worried about inappropriately shocking a patient."
B) "Research has shown that the first shock delivered by an AED is often faster than the first shock delivered by a manual defibrillator."
C) "To use an AED, the EMT must be able to identify some basic cardiac arrest heart rhythms so that he or she can tell the AED to shock or not shock the patient."
D) "The AED is advantageous in that it will determine if a patient is in cardiac arrest and whether or not to shock."

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The EMT should request advanced life support (ALS) backup for a patient in cardiac arrest because:


A) paramedics must be present in order for the EMT to use the AED.
B) cardiac arrest patients must be transported by ALS personnel.
C) ALS care is superior to basic life support care, even with the AED.
D) ALS treatment decreases the possibility of the patient going back into cardiac arrest once successful defibrillation has occurred.

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Within two minutes of going into cardiac arrest, an AED is applied, the patient is shocked, and a pulse is restored. The EMT should recognize that the heart was in:


A) ventricular fibrillation and now is in cardiac arrest.
B) asystole and now is in an organized rhythm.
C) ventricular fibrillation and now is in an organized rhythm.
D) ventricular fibrillation and now is in asystole.

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After two cardiac arrests, a large home improvement center has purchased a fully automated AED. You have been asked to provide education on its use. During an instructional session, a student asks you what will happen when the AED indicates that a shock is indicated. Your response should be:


A) "The AED will prompt you to recheck the pulse."
B) "You will need to reanalyze the heart rhythm."
C) "The AED will automatically shock the patient."
D) "You will need to press the shock button."

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A 47-year-old patient has been in cardiac arrest for 6 minutes. While you set up the AED, you would direct your partner to:


A) perform CPR at a ratio of 30 ventilations to two compressions.
B) assist you in making sure that the AED is ready for application.
C) perform a primary and secondary assessment.
D) start cardiopulmonary resuscitation until the AED is ready.

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Which one of the following links in the American Heart Association's Chain of Survival must occur first, if a patient is to survive cardiac arrest?


A) Early CPR
B) Early defibrillation
C) Early access
D) Early advanced life support

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You have arrived at a residence where a 4-month-old baby was found in his crib in cardiac arrest. Emergency Medical Responders have been on scene for 5 minutes prior to arrival. They began CPR immediately on reaching the patient's side. You have an AED with adult pads with you, but not pediatric pads. After rechecking and confirming that the patient is in cardiac arrest, you would:


A) continue CPR and transfer to the stretcher for transport.
B) place the AED on the patient and follow all prompts.
C) continue CPR for 2 more minutes before placing the AED.
D) discuss with the parents if they want to proceed with use of the AED.

Correct Answer

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What cardiac arrest rhythm is the AED designed to shock?


A) Asystole
B) Pulseless electrical activity
C) Ventricular fibrillation
D) Bradycardia

Correct Answer

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When presenting information on cardiac arrest and automated external defibrillation to a community group, a man asks why people should perform CPR prior to the arrival of EMS if they are going to provide a shock. Your response would be:


A) "Immediate CPR can prolong the period in which the heart can be shocked following cardiac arrest."
B) "In many cases, CPR can reverse the cardiac arrest, making a shock by the AED unnecessary."
C) "In the American Heart Association's Chain of Survival, CPR is the most important link in surviving cardiac arrest."
D) "CPR is needed to keep blood flowing through the body so the EMTs can give the patient IV medications when they arrive."

Correct Answer

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Your service has a new AED. During the in-service on the new device, the instructor informs you that it is a semi-automated AED and uses a biphasic wave form, as opposed to the monophasic form used by the previous AED. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should recognize that:


A) the new AED will defibrillate with lower amounts of electrical energy.
B) the EMT will not need to press a "shock" button to shock the patient.
C) the new AED will defibrillate with higher amounts of electrical energy.
D) less energy but more shocks will be needed to treat cardiac arrest.

Correct Answer

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A patient has just gone into cardiac arrest. His heart is most likely in what rhythm?


A) Ventricular fibrillation
B) Asystole
C) Ventricular tachycardia
D) Pulseless electrical activity

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You have been called for a 57-year-old female who has choked on a large pill. On arrival you find the patient collapsed on the floor with family by her side. Your assessment reveals her to be unresponsive, not breathing, and pulseless. Which one of the following should you do immediately?


A) Start chest compressions.
B) Perform five abdominal thrusts.
C) Apply the AED and hit the "analyze" button.
D) Open the airway and attempt ventilation.

Correct Answer

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A 66-year-old female patient has been struck by a car. Your assessment reveals gurgling respirations, rapid breathing, and cool, diaphoretic skin. You also note bruising to her chest and abdomen. Which one of the following should you do immediately?


A) Determine the blood pressure.
B) Administer high-concentration oxygen.
C) Evaluate for shock.
D) Suction the airway.

Correct Answer

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