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Exam 12: Making Social Decisions

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Question 1

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Many of the classic social psychology experiments of the twentieth century demonstrated the manner in which humans would _____ to the group; in terms of cognitive and emotional effort, it is cheaper and better to do what other people say than to figure out the way to do something on your own.

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Question 2

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In one version of the trolley problem, most people say it is OK to kill one person if that meant five people would be saved. This type of scenario is generally classified as _____ because most people agree with the moral decision.

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The evolutionary perspective allows us to think about emotions such as fear as satisfying a self-preservation and emotions such as embarrassment, guilt, or shame as serving a more _____ function.

_____ are methods that help humans perform mental tasks with minimum effort; they can provide an alternative to complex algorithms, and they can be computed so quickly they often operate outside of awareness.

When a graphic version of the Wason card selection task was presented to the Shiwiar, an isolated group inhabiting the Ecadorian Amazon, they performed _____ Harvard undergraduates in their ability to detect violations of social requirements, that is, to detect cheaters.

Because guilt and shame involve transgression against the conventions of the group, they have been called _____ emotions. Feelings of sympathy and guilt have been seen to motivate cooperative behavior and altruism.

Domain-specific problem-solving strategies make decisions based on evolutionarily earlier events or _____ for particular happenings rather than ones seen in our present environment. For example, if you hear a noise late at night, you are likely to feel afraid even though it is probably nothing dangerous.

The evolutionary perspective gives greater insight into the question of _____ or why we may help someone even if it puts us at an apparent disadvantage.

Male chimpanzees will attack unknown females and may even kill their infants unless the females

In comparing hunter-gathers to chimpanzees, Wilson and Wrangham (2003) suggest both share three tendencies. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Studies on framing effects show that people are _____ when the situation is framed in terms of a possible gain but _____ when the situation is framed in terms of a possible loss.

It has been suggested by a number of researchers that the availability of _____ is one set of circumstances that reduces the incidence of killing.

The _____ card selection task was originally developed to study how humans perform logical operations, but it has also been used to study social reasoning.

When the Wason card selection task is presented as a social problem, about _____% of participants respond correctly; when it is presented as a non-social problem, about _____% respond correctly.

Discuss the evolution and function of social and moral emotions.

If social exchange has been important throughout our evolutionary history, then we should be sensitive to those who accept benefits without fulfilling their side of the exchange; such an evolved cognitive mechanism is referred to as the _____.

Researchers found that preschool children made a distinction between moral and conventional transgressions, finding the moral events more serious, wrong, and deserving of punishment. These results suggest that

Among the moral emotions, one distinction that has been made is that _____ is associated with the desire to undo aspects of the self, whereas guilt involves the desire to undo aspects of behavior.

Kahneman and Tversky (1979) showed that people make economic decisions differently depending on whether the outcomes are _____ as either gains or losses.

Which of the following is NOT one of the common themes of domain-specific problem-solving strategies?