Question 1

Sequestered body sites tend to be ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sequestered body sites tend to be ________....

Question 2

When do anaerobes begin to colonize the human oral cavity?

Accepted Answer

A)   when teeth emerge
B)   in the womb
C)   during birth
D)   during the first feeding

Question 3

What would be the expected aerobe to anaerobe ratio of the belly button?

Accepted Answer

A)   10:1
B)   1:10
C)   1:100
D)   1:1000

Question 4

Use of preterm antibiotics during labor and delivery has led to

Accepted Answer

A)   reduced fecal transmission of bacteria.
B)   an altered immunological environment.
C)   reduced vaginal transmission.
D)   accelerated change of skin microbiome.

Question 5

How do naturally occurring Staphylococcus strains inhibit the growth of pathogenic strains?

Accepted Answer

A)   producing antibiotics
B)   producing short-chain fatty acids
C)   outcompeting for nutrients
D)   They do not inhibit pathogenic strains.

Question 6

The presence of Eubacteria recale and Beta thetaiotamicron affect ________ of the host.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The presence of Eubacteria recale and Beta...

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a useful function of the gut microflora?

Accepted Answer

A)   fermenting unused energy substrates
B)   training the immune system
C)   supporting the growth of pathogenic bacteria
D)   regulating the development of the gut

Question 8

Describe the positive and negative side of enterotoxins.

Accepted Answer

The negative side of enterotoxins is the...

Question 9

Where are microbial metabolic end-products found in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   in the blood
B)   in the urine
C)   everywhere
D)   nowhere

Question 10

What is wrong with the situation described below?
After vaginal delivery,a gnotobiotic mouse was moved to an axenic environment.

Accepted Answer

Gnotobiotic mice must be deliv...

Question 11

Explain how a nonpathogenic organism like Staphylococcus epidermidis present in the lungs of an individual with cystic fibrosis can still cause problems.

Accepted Answer

While S.epidermidis does not c...

Question 12

Which of the following forms of treatment do(es) NOT evolve as pathogens evolve?

Accepted Answer

A)   phage therapy
B)   fecal transplant
C)   probiotics
D)   antibiotics

Question 13

Give three reasons for why the microbiome should be considered an independent organ system.

Accepted Answer

The microbiome is contained in...

Question 14

How has the development of clean water NEGATIVELY affected modern civilization?

Accepted Answer

A)   reduced fecal transmission of bacteria resulting in missing microbiota
B)   altered immunological environment
C)   increased transmission of hormone-activating compounds
D)   decreased amounts of important trace minerals

Question 15

________ is consistently sampling normal bacteria of the host to maintain a low-level immune response.

Accepted Answer

A)   A tight junction
B)   Lymphoid tissue
C)   An epithelial cell
D)   An endothelial cell

Question 16

The presence of ________ is essential for preventing respiratory infections.

Accepted Answer

A)   bacteremia
B)   epidermis
C)   vegetations
D)   the mucociliary escalator

Question 17

Explain the disappearing microbiota hypothesis and how it can explain why individuals who attended day care as adolescents tend to suffer fewer allergies than individuals who did not.

Accepted Answer

The disappearing microbiota hypothesis,o...

Question 18

Which microbial reservoir has the largest anaerobe to aerobe ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)   intestine
B)   genitourinary tract
C)   mouth
D)   skin

Question 19

The blood-brain barrier is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)   arteries.
B)   glycoproteins.
C)   tight junctions.
D)   very tight junctions.

Question 20

A noninfectious disease that can be linked to changes in the microbiota is

Accepted Answer

A)   yeast infection.
B)   C. difficile infection.
C)   irritable bowel syndrome.
D)   stomach flu.

Exam 14: Normal Human Microbiota: a Delicate Balance of Power

Explain the disappearing microbiota hypothesis and how it can explain why individuals who attended day care as adolescents tend to suffer fewer allergies than individuals who did not.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe disappearing microbiota hypothesis,o...View AnswerShow Answer

How do naturally occurring Staphylococcus strains inhibit the growth of pathogenic strains?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When do anaerobes begin to colonize the human oral cavity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A noninfectious disease that can be linked to changes in the microbiota is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The presence of Eubacteria recale and Beta thetaiotamicron affect ________ of the host.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is wrong with the situation described below? After vaginal delivery,a gnotobiotic mouse was moved to an axenic environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedGnotobiotic mice must be deliv...View AnswerShow Answer

Where are microbial metabolic end-products found in the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the positive and negative side of enterotoxins.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe negative side of enterotoxins is the...View AnswerShow Answer

Sequestered body sites tend to be ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How has the development of clean water NEGATIVELY affected modern civilization?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would be the expected aerobe to anaerobe ratio of the belly button?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use of preterm antibiotics during labor and delivery has led to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a useful function of the gut microflora?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which microbial reservoir has the largest anaerobe to aerobe ratio?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how a nonpathogenic organism like Staphylococcus epidermidis present in the lungs of an individual with cystic fibrosis can still cause problems.

Correct AnswerverifiedWhile S.epidermidis does not c...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following forms of treatment do(es) NOT evolve as pathogens evolve?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is consistently sampling normal bacteria of the host to maintain a low-level immune response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Give three reasons for why the microbiome should be considered an independent organ system.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe microbiome is contained in...View AnswerShow Answer

The blood-brain barrier is composed of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The presence of ________ is essential for preventing respiratory infections.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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The disappearing microbiota hypothesis,o...
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Correct Answer
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Gnotobiotic mice must be deliv...
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The negative side of enterotoxins is the...
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Correct Answer
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While S.epidermidis does not c...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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The microbiome is contained in...
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Correct Answer
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