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The term "queue" refers to a line or seq...View Answer
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Blue and white porcelain is a type of ce...View Answer
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A joint family, also known as an extende...View Answer
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A) to maintain the Chinese exclusion from Manchu rule in China.
B) to assure the isolation of the Chinese from the Manchus in China.
C) a mechanism for the sharing of administrative positions by Manchus and Chinese.
D) to assure the Manchu administrative dictatorship of China.
E) to keep northern and southern China balanced politically.
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Qianlong's response to Lord Macartney's request to open China to British trade was realistic from the perspective of the Qing dynasty's desire to maintain control over their economy and society. The emperor's negative response can be seen as a logical outgrowth of China's history, as the country had a long tradition of valuing self-sufficiency and maintaining strict control over foreign interactions.
From the Qing dynasty's perspective, opening China to British trade would have been seen as a threat to their sovereignty and stability. The emperor and his advisors likely viewed the British as potential disruptors of the social and economic order, and therefore saw no benefit in allowing them access to Chinese markets.
Furthermore, China's historical experience with foreign powers, such as the Mongols and the Manchus, had reinforced the idea of maintaining a closed and controlled society. The negative response to Lord Macartney's request can be seen as a continuation of this historical trend.
In conclusion, Qianlong's response to Lord Macartney's request was realistic and logical from the perspective of the Qing dynasty's desire to maintain control and stability. It was also a logical outgrowth of China's historical experience with foreign powers and the country's traditional emphasis on self-sufficiency and control.
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537-1598) was a pre...View Answer
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Hangul is the alphabet system used in th...View Answer
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Francis Xavier was a pioneering Christia...View Answer
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A) the Pope permitted the Chinese to maintain their tradition of ancestor worship.
B) Kangxi's successors assisted in the suppression of Christianity in Japan.
C) the Pope forbade the practice of ancestor worship.
D) the Chinese emperors sent young Chinese boys to be educated in Rome.
E) China declared war against the West.
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A) Matthew Ricci.
B) Ignatius Loyola.
C) Francis Xavier.
D) Peter Beckett.
E) Francis of Assisi.
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"Gold Vase Plum" and "The Golden Lotus" ...View Answer
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The term "bakufu" refers to the military...View Answer
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A) Monkey.
B) The Dream of the Red Chamber.
C) Gold Vase Plum.
D) The Golden Lotus.
E) The Riverbank.
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A) daimyo duties for the shogun created economic pressures on the nobles.
B) by transforming the fief into a form of wages, the daimyo were able to ameliorate the economic pressures they experienced.
C) many of the samurai were changed from warriors into managers.
D) culturally a "floating world" came into being.
E) Japan opened its borders to the West in the seventeenth century.
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"Saikaku's Five Women Who Loved Love" re...View Answer
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A) court paintings of the artists of Yangzhou.
B) silk masterpieces of the chinoiserie.
C) blue-and-white porcelain objects.
D) intricately carved lacquerware in bold shapes and colored cloisonné.
E) jade jewelry works.
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The Qing rulers faced both internal and external pressures as China began to experience closer contact with the West. Internally, the Qing dynasty was already facing challenges such as corruption, economic instability, and social unrest. Externally, the increasing presence of Western powers, particularly through trade and military incursions, posed a threat to China's sovereignty and traditional way of life.
In response to these pressures, the Qing rulers implemented both short-term and long-term strategies. In the short-term, they attempted to resist Western influence through policies such as the Canton System, which restricted foreign trade to a single port and imposed strict regulations on foreign merchants. They also attempted to modernize their military and administrative systems to better defend against Western encroachment.
However, these short-term responses were largely ineffective in the face of the rapidly advancing Western powers. The Opium Wars, for example, exposed the weaknesses of the Qing military and forced China to cede territory and open more ports to foreign trade. In the long-term, the Qing rulers attempted to modernize and reform China through initiatives such as the Self-Strengthening Movement, which aimed to adopt Western technology and ideas while preserving traditional Chinese values.
Despite these efforts, the Qing rulers were ultimately unable to effectively address the internal and external pressures facing China. The dynasty continued to decline, leading to the eventual overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912.
Overall, the Qing rulers' responses to the internal and external pressures were largely ineffective due to a combination of internal weaknesses, resistance to change, and the overwhelming power of the Western forces. Their attempts at modernization and reform were too little, too late, and ultimately failed to prevent the decline of the Qing dynasty.
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Li Zicheng (1606 – c. 1645) was a Chinese rebel leader who led an uprising against the Ming dynasty and briefly established himself as the emperor of China in 1644. He is known for founding the short-lived Shun dynasty, which lasted for only about a year before being overthrown by the Qing dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of China.
Born into a peasant family, Li Zicheng started his career as a minor government worker but later joined the rebel forces due to the heavy burden of taxes and the widespread corruption within the Ming government. His rebellion was one of several that contributed to the weakening and eventual fall of the Ming dynasty.
Li Zicheng's forces captured the Ming capital, Beijing, in April 1644, which led to the suicide of the last Ming emperor, Chongzhen. Declaring himself the Emperor of the Shun dynasty, Li Zicheng attempted to consolidate his rule. However, his reign was short-lived. The Qing forces, led by the Manchu prince Dorgon, allied with the Ming general Wu Sangui, who had been betrayed by Li Zicheng, and together they defeated Li's army at the Battle of Shanhai Pass.
After his defeat, Li Zicheng fled and became a fugitive. His exact fate is unknown, but he is believed to have died around 1645, either killed in battle or by his own hand to avoid capture. Li Zicheng remains a controversial figure in Chinese history, seen by some as a hero who stood up against a corrupt regime, and by others as a ruthless opportunist who contributed to the chaos of the period.
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