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________ are the three core values in American politics.


A) Liberty, equality, and democracy
B) Democracy, patriotism, and the rule of law
C) Equality, oligarchy, and free enterprise
D) Anarchy, equality, and patriotism

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A

Defense against foreign aggression, maintenance of public order, and a stable currency are examples of


A) police powers.
B) pluralism.
C) constitutionalism.
D) public goods.

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What does it mean to say that Americans are "abstract conservatives" and "operational liberals"?


A) Americans espouse strongly held moral beliefs in public but often act immorally in private.
B) Americans want a strong wall between church and state but are very religious in their personal lives.
C) Americans prefer large government in the abstract but very much dislike what government does in some specific issue areas.
D) Americans prefer small government in the abstract but very much like what government does in some specific issue areas.

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What is the principal difference between an autocracy and an oligarchy?


A) the number of people in charge
B) the level of wealth of the rulers
C) international diplomatic recognition
D) the strength of the military

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Which of the following statements best describes naturalization laws in the United States prior to 1870?


A) All free people could become naturalized citizens after living in the country for at least five years.
B) Only free whites could become naturalized citizens.
C) Only freed African American slaves could become naturalized citizens.
D) Only Native Americans could become naturalized citizens.

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After the Civil War, Republicans attempted to


A) disenfranchise newly freed slaves in order to maintain Republican control over the defeated southern states.
B) enfranchise newly freed slaves in order to maintain Republican control over the defeated southern states.
C) disenfranchise all property-owning whites in order to maintain Republican control over the defeated southern states.
D) enfranchise women in order to maintain Republican control over the defeated southern states.

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Which of the following is an example of the process of direct democracy?


A) citizens in a state approving the use of medical marijuana through referendum
B) a citizen calling her representative to complain about potholes on local roads
C) a group of citizens coming together to debate the pros and cons of higher taxes
D) a citizen deciding to contribute money to his preferred presidential candidate

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Edward Snowden was a significant figure in 2013 because he


A) started a successful ballot initiative to legalize recreational marijuana use in Colorado.
B) was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Barack Obama.
C) led the Occupy Wall Street protests against income inequality.
D) leaked top secret documents from the National Security Administration (NSA) to the press.

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D

The power of the federal government began to expand after 1933 in response to


A) the Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v.Ferguson.
B) World War II.
C) the stock market crash of 1929, the Great Depression, and the run on banks of 1933.
D) the stock market boom of 1929 and the economic expansion of the Roaring Twenties.

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Democracy functions best when


A) less than a majority of citizens vote in every election.
B) citizens are informed.
C) all candidates for office are highly educated.
D) all candidates for office are wealthy.

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In 2000, the United States Census


A) added a new category for people who identify as Hispanic or Latino.
B) removed a previously used category for people who identify as Hispanic or Latino.
C) added a new category for people who identify as "two or more races."
D) removed a previously used category for people who identify as "two or more races."

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Which of the following statements about the 2013 leaks related to the National Security Administration (NSA) is NOT accurate?


A) The leaks revealed that the NSA had created the "Stuxnet" computer worm in order to damage Iran's nuclear weapons program.
B) The leaks revealed that the NSA had been using "metadata" to track the connections among American citizens for more than three years.
C) The leaks revealed that the American government was listening in on the private communications of foreign governments, including many American allies, such as Germany and Brazil.
D) The leaks revealed that the NSA had access to Americans' Facebook, Google, Apple, and Yahoo! accounts, among many other electronic data sources.

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Prior to the eighteenth century


A) governments were primarily democratic.
B) governments rarely sought the support of their people.
C) most governments were based on respect for the rule of law.
D) autocracies were extremely rare.

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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between so-called whiteness and American citizenship throughout history?


A) American citizenship has never been tied to whiteness, and the meaning of white has remained constant over time.
B) American citizenship has never been tied to whiteness because the meaning of white has shifted considerably over time.
C) American citizenship has always been tied to whiteness, even as the meaning of white shifted over time.
D) American citizenship has always been tied to whiteness, and the meaning of white has remained constant over time.

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At the time of the founding of the Republic, approximately ________ percent of non-Native American inhabitants of the 13 states were of European ancestry.


A) 25
B) 50
C) 65
D) 80

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The demand that there be no taxation without representation is a good example of what political reform of the eighteenth century?


A) the decline of popular influence on government
B) more popular influence on government
C) the decline in citizenship
D) the spread of autocracy

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B

Plessy v.Ferguson (1896) and Brown v.Board of Education (1954) reveal two different visions of the political value of


A) individual privacy.
B) laissez-faire capitalism.
C) equality of access to public institutions.
D) economic fairness.

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A majority of the foreign-born population living in the United States today come from


A) Africa.
B) Asia.
C) Latin America.
D) Europe.

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The existence of slavery in the United States is a good example of how


A) American values are not always reflected in practice.
B) Americans have never valued liberty.
C) European ideals have influenced American political culture.
D) political needs are often placed above economic needs.

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During the last 50 years, the American population has


A) not experienced any regional shifts.
B) shifted as a result of people leaving the Northeast and Midwest and moving to the South and Southwest.
C) shifted as a result of people leaving the South and Southwest and moving to the Northeast and Midwest.
D) shifted as a result of people leaving urban areas and moving to rural areas.

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