Question 1

Mrs.Graham is the principal of a high school.She enforces the practice of pop quizzes in the school because she knows that students will be more likely to study if they cannot predict when they will be tested.In this scenario,Mrs.Graham relies on a _____ schedule in operant conditioning to enforce a desired behavior in her students.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio
B)  variable-ratio
C)  fixed-interval
D)  variable-interval

Question 2

In positive punishment a behavior increases when it is followed by the presentation of a stimulus,whereas in negative punishment a behavior increases when a stimulus is removed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In operant conditioning,organisms learn

Accepted Answer

A)  the association between a behavior and a consequence.
B)  that conditioned stimuli cause unconditioned stimuli.
C)  by exclusively relying on mental processes.
D)  to act by imitating others.

Question 4

In operant conditioning,extinction occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  a behavior is no longer reinforced and decreases in frequency.
B)  an organism responds appropriately to stimuli that signal that a behavior will or will not be reinforced.
C)  an organism performs a reinforced behavior in a different situation.
D)  a desired behavior receives reinforcements in successive approximations.

Question 5

While on her way to work recently,Martha was pulled over for the first time,for exceeding the speed limit.She was required to pay a heavy fine.Since then,she has maintained a consistent speed of 30 miles per hour while driving,whether or not there are speed limits in place.In this scenario,Martha is demonstrating _____ learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent
B)  avoidance
C)  observational
D)  insight

Question 6

Negative reinforcement in operant conditioning is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the frequency of a behavior because it is followed by a desirable stimulus.
B)  a decrease in a behavior when it is followed by the presentation of a stimulus.
C)  a decrease in a behavior when it is followed by the removal of a stimulus.
D)  an increase in the frequency of a behavior because it is followed by the removal of something undesirable.

Question 7

Ryan receives a scolding from his mother every time he picks his nose.Fearing retribution,Ryan hesitates to pick his nose whenever his mother is present with him.In this scenario,Ryan is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning.
B)  classical conditioning.
C)  observational learning.
D)  implicit learning.

Question 8

Liam is studying in his room for an exam but is disturbed by the loud music from his neighbor's house.He closes the window so that he can no longer hear the loud music.In this scenario,Liam's behavior demonstrates _____ in operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement
B)  positive reinforcement
C)  positive punishment
D)  negative punishment

Question 9

The _____ in psychology states that behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened and that behaviors followed by negative outcomes are weakened.

Accepted Answer

A)  law of effect
B)  principle of preparedness
C)  theory of classical conditioning
D)  law of contiguity

Question 10

In Pavlov's studies on classical conditioning,the bell was a(n) _____ before it was paired with the food.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral stimulus
B)  conditioned stimulus
C)  unconditioned stimulus
D)  reinforced stimulus

Question 11

Henry loves animals and has always wanted a pet animal.However,when he met his neighbour's dog,it bit him.Now,Henry stays away from dogs.In this scenario,in the context of classical conditioning,Henry's fear of dogs is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response.
B)  positive reinforcer.
C)  neutral reinforcer.
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 12

Andrea,an avid golfer,imitates a professional golfer's swing after watching him play golf on television.Andrea's act of imitation represents the _____ element of observational learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement
B)  retention
C)  motor reproduction
D)  shaping

Question 13

Operant conditioning is a form of learning that

Accepted Answer

A)  focuses on the association between behaviors and the stimuli that follow them.
B)  explains how neutral stimuli become associated with unlearned,involuntary responses.
C)  is not effective in explaining voluntary behaviors.
D)  occurs through the imitation of another person's actions.

Question 14

In operant conditioning,how does positive reinforcement differ from negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

In positive reinforcement,the frequency ...

Question 15

When we cultivate predictable environments and take control of circumstances,stress decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

_____ in operant conditioning occurs when the frequency of a behavior increases because it is followed by a desirable stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive reinforcement
B)  Negative reinforcement
C)  Positive punishment
D)  Negative punishment

Question 17

Counterconditioning is a classical conditioning procedure for

Accepted Answer

A)  transforming the unconditioned stimulus into a conditioned stimulus.
B)  causing renewal to occur immediately after spontaneous recovery.
C)  reducing the probability of a spontaneous response to a conditioned stimuli.
D)  changing the relationship between a conditioned stimulus and its conditioned response.

Question 18

A process that makes an observer less likely to repeat a behavior on seeing the model reprimanded is called _____ in observational learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative punishment
B)  vicarious reinforcement
C)  vicarious punishment
D)  negative reinforcement

Question 19

In Pavlov's experiments on classical conditioning,prior to associating the sound of the bell with the food,the dog's salivation in response to the food was the

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  positive reinforcement.
C)  unconditioned response.
D)  conditioned response.

Question 20

Observational learning has little significance in the functioning of role models in inspiring people and changing their perceptions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 6: Learning

Henry loves animals and has always wanted a pet animal.However,when he met his neighbour's dog,it bit him.Now,Henry stays away from dogs.In this scenario,in the context of classical conditioning,Henry's fear of dogs is a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

In Pavlov's studies on classical conditioning,the bell was a(n) _____ before it was paired with the food.

Correct Answer
verified

The _____ in psychology states that behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened and that behaviors followed by negative outcomes are weakened.

Correct Answer
verified

In positive punishment a behavior increases when it is followed by the presentation of a stimulus,whereas in negative punishment a behavior increases when a stimulus is removed.

Correct Answer
verified

Counterconditioning is a classical conditioning procedure for

Correct Answer
verified

When we cultivate predictable environments and take control of circumstances,stress decreases.

Correct Answer
verified

In Pavlov's experiments on classical conditioning,prior to associating the sound of the bell with the food,the dog's salivation in response to the food was the

Correct Answer
verified

Andrea,an avid golfer,imitates a professional golfer's swing after watching him play golf on television.Andrea's act of imitation represents the _____ element of observational learning.

Correct Answer
verified

In operant conditioning,extinction occurs when

Correct Answer
verified

Ryan receives a scolding from his mother every time he picks his nose.Fearing retribution,Ryan hesitates to pick his nose whenever his mother is present with him.In this scenario,Ryan is demonstrating

Correct Answer
verified

In operant conditioning,organisms learn

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

_____ in operant conditioning occurs when the frequency of a behavior increases because it is followed by a desirable stimulus.

Correct Answer
verified

A process that makes an observer less likely to repeat a behavior on seeing the model reprimanded is called _____ in observational learning.

Correct Answer
verified

Negative reinforcement in operant conditioning is defined as

Correct Answer
verified

Liam is studying in his room for an exam but is disturbed by the loud music from his neighbor's house.He closes the window so that he can no longer hear the loud music.In this scenario,Liam's behavior demonstrates _____ in operant conditioning.

Correct Answer
verified

Operant conditioning is a form of learning that

Correct Answer
verified

In operant conditioning,how does positive reinforcement differ from negative reinforcement?

Correct Answer
verified
In positive reinforcement,the frequency ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Observational learning has little significance in the functioning of role models in inspiring people and changing their perceptions.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Learning

Henry loves animals and has always wanted a pet animal.However,when he met his neighbour's dog,it bit him.Now,Henry stays away from dogs.In this scenario,in the context of classical conditioning,Henry's fear of dogs is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Pavlov's studies on classical conditioning,the bell was a(n) _____ before it was paired with the food.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ in psychology states that behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened and that behaviors followed by negative outcomes are weakened.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In positive punishment a behavior increases when it is followed by the presentation of a stimulus,whereas in negative punishment a behavior increases when a stimulus is removed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Counterconditioning is a classical conditioning procedure for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When we cultivate predictable environments and take control of circumstances,stress decreases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Pavlov's experiments on classical conditioning,prior to associating the sound of the bell with the food,the dog's salivation in response to the food was the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Andrea,an avid golfer,imitates a professional golfer's swing after watching him play golf on television.Andrea's act of imitation represents the _____ element of observational learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In operant conditioning,extinction occurs when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ryan receives a scolding from his mother every time he picks his nose.Fearing retribution,Ryan hesitates to pick his nose whenever his mother is present with him.In this scenario,Ryan is demonstrating

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In operant conditioning,organisms learn

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ in operant conditioning occurs when the frequency of a behavior increases because it is followed by a desirable stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A process that makes an observer less likely to repeat a behavior on seeing the model reprimanded is called _____ in observational learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Negative reinforcement in operant conditioning is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Liam is studying in his room for an exam but is disturbed by the loud music from his neighbor's house.He closes the window so that he can no longer hear the loud music.In this scenario,Liam's behavior demonstrates _____ in operant conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operant conditioning is a form of learning that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In operant conditioning,how does positive reinforcement differ from negative reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedIn positive reinforcement,the frequency ...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Observational learning has little significance in the functioning of role models in inspiring people and changing their perceptions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In positive reinforcement,the frequency ...
View Answer

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