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The number of small retail stores is increasing in Japan.

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According to the text, distribution channels vary depending on which of the following?


A) Distance from manufacturer
B) Language and dialect spoken in the target market
C) Available distribution intermediaries
D) The literacy levels in the target market
E) Per capita income in the target market

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Discuss the distinguishing features of the Japanese distribution structure.

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Distribution in Japan has long been cons...

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With reference to a distribution channel, the channel process includes all activities, beginning with the manufacturer and ending with the ____.


A) wholesaler
B) agent middlemen
C) merchant middlemen
D) retailer
E) final consumer

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The distribution process includes promotion of goods and services by sellers and resellers.

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Specialization of this type of middleman in a given field often enables it to offer a level of service that could not be attained by the manufacturer without years of groundwork. This middleman acts under the name of the manufacturer as an independent marketing department. Identify the middleman in the discussion.


A) Webb-Pomerene export association
B) trading company
C) export management company
D) export agency
E) foreign sales corporation

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IKEA, Costco, and Sears Roebuck are examples of ____.


A) export management companies
B) trading companies
C) export associations
D) global retailers
E) complimentary marketers

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One of Wal-Mart's strengths in distribution is its internal Internet-based system.

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Which of the following have proved to be a successful way to break the trade barrier imposed by the Japanese distribution system?


A) Direct catalog sales
B) Large wholesale stores
C) Street corner kiosks
D) Internet shopping
E) Television advertising

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The Export Trading Company (ETC) Act allows producers of similar products to form export trading companies in the U.S.

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Which of the following statements is true regarding agent middlemen?


A) They take title to the merchandise.
B) They assume trading risk.
C) They are less controllable by manufacturers than merchant middlemen.
D) They are frequently criticized for not representing the best interests of a manufacturer.
E) They work on commission and arrange for sales in the foreign country.

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Discuss the continuity problem associated with a channel of distribution.

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Channels of distribution often pose long...

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E-commerce is more developed in _____ than the rest of the world, partly because of the vast number of people who own personal computers and partly because of the much lower cost of access to the Internet than found elsewhere.


A) China
B) Brazil
C) Switzerland
D) South Africa
E) the United States

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Another term for complementary marketing is piggybacking.

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In China, it is often necessary to use varied distribution forms to reach customers. If a company is using manufacturer's agents, a direct sales force, merchant wholesalers, and small retailers to sell goods to this massive market, which of the following Cs of channel strategy is receiving the attention of the company in its strategy process?


A) Cost
B) Control
C) Coverage
D) Capital
E) Continuity

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On all levels of distribution, there is a clear correlation between the middleman's _____ and sales volume produced.


A) reputation in the target market
B) motivation
C) control over the target market
D) closeness to the manufacturer
E) degree of freedom

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Which of the following are frequently criticized for not representing the best interests of a manufacturer?


A) Global wholesalers
B) Trading companies
C) Manufacturer's representatives
D) Merchant middlemen
E) Agent middlemen

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Parallel importing is also known as ____.


A) secondary wholesaling
B) black marketing
C) backwashing
D) industrial piracy
E) smuggling

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In ____, red color is associated with socialism.


A) the United States
B) China
C) Brazil
D) Uruguay
E) Spain

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The Japanese consumers favor price over personal service.

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