Question 1

The research done by Eric Anderson prior to 2001 generally indicated that

Accepted Answer

A)  anti-gay locker room talk was never taken serious by gay or lesbian athletes.
B)  team sports were more gay-friendly than individual sports.
C)  gay men and lesbians seldom took sports seriously in their lives.
D)  combining a gay identity with a sport identity often was challenging.

Question 2

The author uses the term "social world" to refer to a

Accepted Answer

A)  special place that people go to enjoy relationships with other people.
B)  set of relationships that dominate a person's life.
C)  way of life and mindset that people develop in a particular setting.
D)  set of media-generated images that shape how people think and act.

Question 3

Research on sports and socialization as a community and cultural process is partly inspired by the ideas of Antonio Gramsci.Using Gramsci's ideas, sociologists see sports as important in connection with socialization because sports are

Accepted Answer

A)  activities that people can do by themselves or with others.
B)  shaped by system needs in society.
C)  popular forms of excitement and pleasure.
D)  forms of physical labor.

Question 4

According to an analysis of sports and society based on Gramsci's ideas, sports are important social phenomena because they are

Accepted Answer

A)  vehicles for creating disagreement and social conflict in society.
B)  mechanisms for promoting democracy and the common good in society.
C)  activities that distract attention away from issues of ideology.
D)  contexts through which ideological messages can be presented to people.

Question 5

When Konstantinos Koukouris interviewed former athletes in Greece, he discovered that decisions to end or change sport participation were primarily associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  being cut by a coach or sponsor who criticized their sport skills.
B)  the need to take responsibility for their own lives and support themselves.
C)  a personal desire to cut all ties with sports and sports lifestyles.
D)  a refusal to use new technologies for high performance training.

Question 6

When Peter Donnelly and Kevin Young used data from interviews with rock climbers and rugby players they concluded that becoming an athlete involved

Accepted Answer

A)  acquiring knowledge and developing an identity as an athlete.
B)  gaining sponsorships from a corporation with power and influence.
C)  being recognized as a person with a desire to play a sport.
D)  taking risks in a sport so that physical skills are seen by other athletes.

Question 7

Data on sports and obesity indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)  obesity rates are usually low in societies where sports are popular..
B)  players in the NFL have the lowest obesity rates of all pro athletes.
C)  athletes learn good eating practices when they play competitive sports.
D)  the popularity of sports does not automatically lead to reduced obesity rates.

Question 8

The studies done by Anderson and his colleague between 2000 and 2010 indicated that

Accepted Answer

A)  masculinity became more rigidly defined in mot men's sports.
B)  gay male athletes were more likely to come out but less likely remain in sports.
C)  sport cultures enforced a "don't ask, don't tell" policy about sexual identity.
D)  homophobia declined in many sport cultures.

Question 9

Becoming involved and staying involved in sports is grounded in a series of processes.Which of the following is NOT one of those processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Personality revisions.
B)  Self-reflection.
C)  Social support.
D)  Identity formation.

Question 10

Past studies of socialization based on a personal internalization model have produced inconclusive and inconsistent findings because researchers have mistakenly assumed that

Accepted Answer

A)  athletes automatically resist negative influences coming from coaches.
B)  all athletes have unique and similar experiences in all sports.
C)  sports are similar to all other leisure activities engaged in by young people.
D)  character is usually formed by the time a person is 14 years old.

Question 11

In the summary of Coakley's analysis of "burnout," it is pointed out that when elite young athletes drop out of a sport they usually do it because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are tired of making decisions about their sport careers.
B)  are overwhelmed by the publicity and celebrity associated with their lives.
C)  see sport participation as an obstacle to developing personal autonomy.
D)  fear learning new things about themselves and their abilities.

Question 12

A review of socialization research led the author to conclude that the impact that sports and sport participation have on people depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the characteristics of parents and coaches.
B)  the meanings people give to sports in their lives.
C)  the ethical principles used by sport organizations.
D)  the quality of the role models they see in sports.

Question 13

Many sociologists see sports as important because sports are involved in hegemonic processes in society.Hegemony refers to a social process through which

Accepted Answer

A)  people come to agree with and accept particular ideologies.
B)  privileged people in society share their resources and power with others.
C)  people identify system needs in a society and work to satisfy those needs.
D)  class-based forms of social conflict become disruptive in society.

Question 14

Research indicates that when people retire from sports they are most likely to have problems if they

Accepted Answer

A)  discontined sport participation voluntarily.
B)  have no awards or records to sustain their sport memories.
C)  never developed a close relationship with a coach.
D)  have few experiences outside the culture of sports.

Question 15

The definition of socialization used by the author is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  a social interaction model.
B)  a role theory model.
C)  a personal internalization model.
D)  a structural model.

Question 16

A widespread belief long held by many people in North America is that playing sports

Accepted Answer

A)  builds character among participants.
B)  should not be encouraged until children are 12 years old.
C)  is beneficial for girls but not for boys.
D)  over long periods of time interferes with character development.

Question 17

Power and performance sports are dominant today primarily because they

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasize competition and validate the status of wealthy people.
B)  promote popular ideas about human evolution and progress.
C)  enable powerful people to use their physical skills to dominate others.
D)  are associated with beliefs about the need for progressive political action.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of power and performance sports?

Accepted Answer

A)  An emphasis on winning and setting records.
B)  Proving excellence through competitive success.
C)  Pushing human limits and dominating opponents.
D)  Avoiding technology that might improve performance.

Question 19

When evaluating research on what happens in sports, it's important not to overlook the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  different sports offer all athletes the same experiences.
B)  the meanings that people give to sports remain the same over time.
C)  sports offer experiences that are not available in other activities.
D)  different people define similar sport experiences in different ways.

Question 20

Data on health, physical activity, and sports indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  some competitive sports have high health costs because injury rates are high.
B)  playing rigorous competitive sports extends life expectancy beyond average.
C)  good medical care has made most heavy-contact sports safer than aerobics.
D)  playing competitive sports involves pressures to avoid playing while injured.

Exam 3: Sports and Socialization: Who Plays and What Happens to Them

The author uses the term "social world" to refer to a

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Research indicates that when people retire from sports they are most likely to have problems if they

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Becoming involved and staying involved in sports is grounded in a series of processes.Which of the following is NOT one of those processes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When evaluating research on what happens in sports, it's important not to overlook the fact that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Peter Donnelly and Kevin Young used data from interviews with rock climbers and rugby players they concluded that becoming an athlete involved

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the summary of Coakley's analysis of "burnout," it is pointed out that when elite young athletes drop out of a sport they usually do it because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Data on health, physical activity, and sports indicates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many sociologists see sports as important because sports are involved in hegemonic processes in society.Hegemony refers to a social process through which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The research done by Eric Anderson prior to 2001 generally indicated that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The studies done by Anderson and his colleague between 2000 and 2010 indicated that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to an analysis of sports and society based on Gramsci's ideas, sports are important social phenomena because they are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of power and performance sports?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Data on sports and obesity indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Power and performance sports are dominant today primarily because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on sports and socialization as a community and cultural process is partly inspired by the ideas of Antonio Gramsci.Using Gramsci's ideas, sociologists see sports as important in connection with socialization because sports are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A review of socialization research led the author to conclude that the impact that sports and sport participation have on people depends on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Past studies of socialization based on a personal internalization model have produced inconclusive and inconsistent findings because researchers have mistakenly assumed that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A widespread belief long held by many people in North America is that playing sports

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The definition of socialization used by the author is based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Konstantinos Koukouris interviewed former athletes in Greece, he discovered that decisions to end or change sport participation were primarily associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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